Transcript Lobelia contains about 0.24

2-Lysine Derived Alkaloids
Piperidine Alkaloids
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Lysine Derived Alkaloids
As the next homologue to ornithine, lysine
and its associated compounds give rise to a
number of alkaloids, some of which are
analogous to the ornithine group.
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• LOBELIA
• Lobelia BHP; BP 1988 (Lobelia Herb,
Indian Tobacco) consists of the dried
aerial parts of Lobelia inflata
(Campanulaceae), an annual herb
indigenous to the eastern USA and
Canada. It is cultivated in the USA and
Holland.
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Lobelia inflata
Campanulaceae
Constituents: Lobelia contains about
0.24-0.4% of alkaloids (BP 1988, not less
than 0.25% as determined by a standard
stas-Otto procedure) the most important
of which is lobeline.
Uses:
Minor alkaloids identified include closely related
structures, e.g. lobelanine . The North American
Indians employed lobelia as an alternative or
substitute for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum;
Solanaceae), and it is found that lobeline stimulates
nicotinic receptor sites in a similar way to nicotine, but
with a weaker effect.
Lobeline has been employed in preparations
intended as smoking deterrents. The crude plant drug
has also long been used to relieve asthma and
bronchitis, though in large doses it can be quite toxic.
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Biosynthesis of lobeline
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Pomegranata
The barks, fruit-rind and seeds of
the pomegranate, Punica granatum
(Punicaceae) all find medicinal use.
Both stem and root barks are used
and occur in curved or channeled
pieces about 5-10cm long and 1-3cm
wide.
Constituents: They contain about
0.5-0.9% of volatile liquid alkaloids,
the chief of which are pelletierine
and pseudopelletierine, together
with about 22% of tannin.
Uses: anthelminthic, Tapeworms,
Astringent.
Seed extract for use in the treatment
of diarrhea, (Antidiarrhoea).
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Punica granatum
Punicaceae
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Chemical composition
PELLETIERINE
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Piper nigrum
• The pungency of the fruits of black pepper
• (Piper nigrum; Piperaceae), a widely used
• condiment, is mainly due to the piperidine
alkaloid
• Piperine. In this structure, the piperidine
ring forms part of a tertiary amide
structure, and is incorporated via
piperidine itself, the reduction product of
Δ1-piperideine
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3-Nicotinic Acid Derived Alkaloids
Pyridine Alkaloids
Nicotine, Nicotinic acid & Arecoline
Pyridine
Nicotine
Tryptophan
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Nicotinic Acid
PYRIDINE PIPERIDINE
ALKALOIDE :
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Nicotina Tabacum
• L.N: Nicotina tabacum
• F.N: Solanaceae
• Part used: leaves
• Use: vermicide
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Constituents :
I. nicotine
II. Anabasine
III. Chlorogenic Ac
IV. Cafeic Ac
V. Nicotinic Ac
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COOH
HO
HO
N
Nicotinic Ac
Cafeic Ac
HO
HO
CH=CH─COOH
O
CH=CH─ C
O
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
COOH
H
H
chlorogenic Ac
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Biosynthesis of nicotine :
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‫• أكثر من ‪ 1000‬مادة سامة تنتج عن احتراق التبغ و ‪ 40‬منها على‬
‫األقل تؤهب لحدوث السرطان‬
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Areka
• L.N : Areca catechu
• F.N : palmeae
• Part Used : fruit extract
or juice
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Chemical composition:
• Contains several alkaloids which are
reduced pyridine derivatives .
COOCH3
N+
H CH3
Br¯
Areclline hydrobromid
Use & Dose
in veterinary medicine (anti helmentic)
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Conium Maculatum
• L.N: conium maculatum
• F.N: umbelliferae
(apiaceae)
• Part used: fruit
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Chemical composition :
• coniine , the major alkaloid and conine
conceine .
Use & Dose
antispasmodic / sedative / water hemlock /
species / very toxic drug
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