Transcript Side Effects

Medications & Drugs
Common Equine Medications
EQS 115
Active Ingredient
Acepromazine (Promazine, Promace)
Drug Type - Tranquilizer
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Lowers
blood
pressure
►IV,
IM, Orally
(liquid
tablets)
►Decrease
anxiety
&or
depress
the CNS
►What
type
ofcalm
issues
Ace
not behorse!
used with?
►
Yellowish
color
►Ace
will
not
anshould
already
excited
►Can
cause can
penile
in male
horses
►Vasodilator
►The effects
lastparalysis
1 – 4 hours
or more
►Can be helpful
horses suffering from
depending
on thewith
horse
tying up and laminitis
Xylazine (Rompun, Anased)
Drug Type - Sedative
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Short-acting
sedative with small amount of
►Excessive
►IV
or IM sweating
analgesic
effect
►Clear color
►Slows heart rate
►Is
oftenfor
used
in combination
►Good
abdominal
pain with other
drugs for greater chemical restraint or as
a preoperative
►Moderate
loss of coordination
►Also acts a muscle relaxant
Detomidine (Dormosedan)
Drug Type - Sedative
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►10x
more
potent
provides long lasting
►IV,
IM,
Orally
(Geland
form)
►Slows
heart
rate
pain
reliefcolor
due to small analgesic effect
►Clear
►Greater incoordination
►Is often used in combination with other
drugs for greater chemical restraint or as
a preoperative
►Can
be a masking agent
Butorphanol (Torbugesic)
Drug Type – Analgesic (+Sedation)
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Loss
of
►IV
IMcoordination
►5x or
stronger
in controlling pain than morphine
►Is
oftentossing,
used
intwitching
combination
other
►Head
►Utilized
in
uncomfortable
andwith
painful
drugs
for greater
chemical restraint or as
situations
and procedures
a preoperative
►Difficult colic cases
Ketamine (Ketaset)
Drug Type – Analgesic (+Sedation)
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Used
►IV
or IM
for starting and maintaining anesthesia
►Sweating
►Is
often
used
in combination
with other
►Often
used
in field
situations - castration
drugs for greater chemical restraint or as
a preoperative
Phenylbutazone (Bute)
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Ulcerations
the
mouth
and
gastrointestinal
►Potent(tablets,
painof
reliever,
fever
reducer,
►Orally
paste,
powder)
or IVand antitract
inflammatory
►NEVER IM
►May
be stacked
►Injectable
form
is(given
highly consecutively)
toxic and
corrosive to
►Common
for
musculoskeletal
issues
with
otherfor
NSAIDS
►tissue
Better
hard tissue (bone)
soft
►A symptom treater, not a problem solver!
Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►IV,
Orally
(paste)
►Ulcerations
of
the mouth
gastrointestinal
►Potent
pain
reliever,
feverand
reducer,
and
tract
►Avoid IM
anti-inflammatory
►IM
injection
may
cause
clostridial
►Commonly
used
for
gastrointestinal
and
►Often
stacked
with
other
NSAIDS myositis
soft
tissue pain
►Bacteria
from spores in the environment, soil, skin,
debris that thrive in an anaerobic environment
►Cause
gas gangrene
that spreads rapidly
►Has
anti-endotoxin
properties
►Can mask pain
Ketoprofen (Ketofen)
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►IV only
►Used
for musculoskeletal
pain ofwhen
all types
►Less
likely
to cause side effects
compared
to Banamine or Bute
►May be
stacked
other NSAIDS
►Fever
reduce
andwith
anti-endotoxin
►Highly irritating if outside the vein
►Short term use (5 days or less)
Naproxen (Aleve)
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Gastrointestinal
irritation pain
►Used for
musculoskeletal
►Orally
(tablets)
►Bone & joint issues, muscle soreness, soft tissue
injuries
►Not suggested for use in horses that are
racing
►Can take 5 – 7 days to see a response
►Remains in the system for a long period of
time
►Amount of time can be affected by other
drugs
Aspirin
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Very
few
side
effects
when
given atand
a anti►A
mild
pain
reliever,
fever
reducer,
►Orally
(paste,
powder,
tablets)
small
dose, even for a long period of
inflammatory
time
►Very short duration
►Gastrointestinal
►Commonly usedirritation
for blood-clotting problems
►Slows/prevents platelets from sticking inside blood
vessels
►Acts as a vasodilator
Diclofenac (Surpass)
Drug Type – NSAID
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►The only
topical
NSAID
(cream)
►Skin
irritation
►Treatment
of pain
and inflammation
associated with osteoarthritis in the hock,
knee, fetlock, and pastern joints and soft tissue
►Must
rub
it in good
swelling
►Always
wear
gloves when applying!
►Provides “locally enhanced topical delivery”
►Take 6 – 18 hours for an effect
Dexamethasone (Azium)
Drug Type – Corticosteroid
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Treat
and
chronic
inflammation
►Increased
thirst
and
urination
►IV,
IM,acute
or orally
(granules)
►Very helpful
in treating
allergic
►Long
term use
can suppress
thereactions
immune system, delay wound healing
►High doses may result in laminitis
Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol)
Drug Type – Corticosteroid
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►IA
(Intra-Articular)
►Treat
acute
andischronic
►Anytime
a joint
injectedinflammation
to there is a
high risk of infection
►Are must be fully clean and sterile
►Commonly used as a joint injection
►Immune suppression
Triamcinolone (Vetalog)
Drug Type – Corticosteroid
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Treat
and
chronic inflammation
►IM,
Topical
creams
►RiskIA,
ofacute
joint
infection
►Commonly
used as a joint injection
►Immune
suppression
►Helpful for heaves and dermatologic issues
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Drug Type – Muscle Relaxant
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Sedation
►Treat
muscle
spasms / back pain
►IV,
Orally
(tablets)
►Preventive
horses prone to tying up
►Safe
to use use
withfor
NSAIDS
Polysuflated
glycosaminoglycan (Adequan)
Drug Type – Disease-modifying
osteoarthritis agent
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Protects
►Very
sidecartilage
effects unless injecting
►IM, IAfewjoint
into to the joint
►Lasts
aboutinflammation
72 hours when
IM
►Decreases
in administered
joints
►Slows the progression of arthritis
►Given as a series
►Every 4 days for a month
Hyaluronic Acid (Legend)
Drug Type – Disease-modifying
osteoarthritis agent
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Very
side effects
when
administered
IV
►IV,
Topically
► HAIA,
isfew
naturally
occurring
component
of all
connective tissues – cartilage and joint fluid
►1 shot administered but will need to upkeep
►Risk of joint infection
►Treat acute and chronic joint damage
►Slows the progression of arthritis
►Can also be used topically on wounds to
enhance healing
Trimethoprim Sulfa (SMZ)
Drug Type – Antibiotic
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Most commonly
antibiotic
►Orally
(tablets),
IVused
►Diarrhea
is the most
common
►Effective against a broad range of bacteria
►Skin, urinary, respiratory, liver infections
►Can be used in combination with other
antibiotics to be bactericidal
Pencillin (Pro-Pen, Pen-…)
Drug Type – Antibiotic
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Irritation
at thetreatments
injection site
►Bactericidal
►Most penicillin
are IM only!
►A
mustinbe
administered
►Nolarge
moreamount
than 10ccs
one
area
►Must spread
out injection into different areas
be refrigerated
►Come in various groups which target certain
grams of bacteria
►Allergic
reaction
►Oral penicillin
is poorly absorbed in the horse
►Procaineused
– helps
injectionrespiratory,
pain
►Commonly
fordull
strangles,
and
skin problems
Tetracycline (Doxycycline)
Drug Type – Antibiotic
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Bacteriostatic
►Diarrhea
►IV,
Orally (tablets)
►Interfere
with
the
growth
cycle and prevent
►IV solution
must
be
diluted
reproduction
►The
tablets must be opened and the powder
►Irritating
thewater
skin if not injected IV
dilutedtowith
►Effective against a range of bacteria
►Must be injected slowly
►Commonly used for Lymes disease and
Potomac Horse Fever
Omeprazole (Gastrogard)
Drug Type – Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Orally
(paste)
►Prevents
the
►Very
few
sidesecretion
effects of acid in the stomach
►Allows gastric ulcers the chance to heal
►Know the difference between GastroGard &
UlcerGard!
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Drug Type – Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Orallyfew
(tablets)
►Decreases
secretion
►Very
side
effects of acid in the stomach
►Will not cure the ulcer but prevent it from
reforming
►Used in the treatment of melanomas
Clenbuterol (Ventipulmin)
Drug Type – Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Orally (Liquid)
►Increased
heart muscles
rate
►Relaxes
smooth
in the lungs and
better open the airways
►Excitement
►Helps loosen excess mucus
►Myths about muscle building, “steroidal”
►Sweating
properties
Furosemide (Lasix / Salix)
Drug Type – Diuretic
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Excessive
►Treat
retention and excessive
►IV,
IM fluidurination
swelling
►Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances
►Administered
4 calcium
hours before
racefrom the
►Can result in
being a
pulled
bone
►Commonly
used to prevent or diminish
the severity of exercise-induced
pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH)
►Draws water away from the lungs and
keeps blood pressure from getting too high
Ponazuril (Marquis)
Drug Type – Antiprotozoal
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Horses
often
worse
before they get
►Orally
(paste)
►Used to
treatget
equine
protozoal
better
myeloencephalitis (EPM)
►Due to protozoa dying off
►Given
for
– 56showed
days neurological
►60%
of 30
horses
►Can
cross
the blood-brain
barrier making
improvement when on Marquis
it apt to killing parasites within the spinal
cord
►Will have no effect on pre-existing
damage
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Drug Type – Anti-Inflammatory Solvent
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Can
cause a(gel),
horseLiquid
smell like garlic
►Anti-inflammatory
&to
antibacterial
►IV, Topically
properties
►Often used as a jug – DMSO + electrolytes
through IV – to help reduce body wide
inflammation
►Users
should always wear gloves!
►Can penetrate skin & other tissues
►Used to carry other drugs through the skin
►Skin
irritation
/ blistering
►Freezes
at 50°F
►Can cross the blood-brain barrier
Isoxsuprine
Drug Type – Anti-Inflammatory Solvent
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Vasodilator
►Should(tablets)
not be used in cases of active
►Orally
bleeding
►Foaling
►Used
for conditions where impaired blood
flow is present
►Gastrointestinal
irritation
►Laminitis, Navicular
►Changes in blood pressure
Progesterone (Regu-Mate)
Drug Type – Hormone
ROA
Side
Effects
Purpose
►Orally
(liquid)
►Used in
thewear
management
of mares
►Users
must
gloves when
handling
and
administering
►Prevent
them from coming into heat
►Synchronize estrous cycles
►Regulate heat cycles
►Long term use may delay return to
►Maintain pregnancy
normal reproductive cycle
►Modify heat-related behavior

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Medication2016