Transcript Pharmacology II - 3-31

PHARMACOLOGY TUTORING –
ALTERNATIVES AND
DERMATOLOGICS
By Alaina Darby
[email protected]
ALTERNATIVE
THERAPIES
Which is not true of the DSHEA act?
a. It established GMP standards for the supplement industry
b.It required that drug manufacturers must have all new
supplements approved by the FDA
c. It allowed for self-regulation of the supplement industry
d.It allowed products marketed before 1994 to be used in
new combinations without testing
Which of the following undeclared drugs was found in the
widest variety (49 products) of weight loss supplements?
a. Phenytoin
b.Phenolphthalein
c. Rimonabant
d.Sibutramine
Which of the following is not true of supplements?
a. Supplement standardization is required in the US
b.Supplements may cause organ damage
c. Supplements may contain unregulated versions of
prescription medications
d.Supplements may cause teratogenic or developmental
effects when pregnant or nursing
Which of the following claims is a supplement not allowed to
make?
a. Health claims denoting the relationship between an
ingredient and the risk of disease
b.Disease treatment, cure, and prevention claims
c. Nutrient claims such as ‘free,’ ‘lite,’ or ‘high’
d.Structure-function claims
Which of the following is the most common reason to take a
supplement?
a. Pain
b.Seasonal allergies
c. Weight loss
d.Digestion
Which of the following online resources would likely have the
least reliable information concerning the adverse effects,
drug interactions, or other basic safety precautions with
supplements?
a. Consumer
b.Retail
c. Government
d.Enthusiast
Which of the following herbals is not a natural salicylate?
a. Meadowsweet
b.Fenugreek
c. Poplar
d.Willowbark
Hannah has just had an organ transplant and is taking
cyclosporine. Her body may be more likely to reject the new
organ if she were to start taking which of the following
supplements?
a. Bitter Orange
b.Echinacea
c. St. John’s Wort
d.Ginseng
Which of the following prescription drugs would be most
likely to have an interaction with bitter orange?
a. Duloxetine
b.Amitriptyline
c. Simvastatin
d.Warfarin
Which of the following would be least likely to have an
interaction with St. John’s Wort?
a. Duloxetine
b.Amitriptyline
c. Simvastatin
d.Warfarin
Which of the following would have the widest variety of drug
interactions since it interacts with the most CYP enzymes?
a. Bitter orange
b.Echinacea
c. Ginkgo biloba
d.St. John’s Wort
Mary is taking a corticosteroid for her asthma. Which of the
following supplements might antagonize the effects of this
medication?
a. Echinacea
b.Green tea
c. Red clover
d.Pomegranate juice
Tina just had uterine cancer. Which of the following
supplements should she avoid?
a. Echinacea
b.Green tea
c. Red clover
d.Pomegranate juice
Tony is taking atorvastatin for his cholesterol. Which of the
following might increase his risk of rhabdomyolysis?
a. Echinacea
b.Green tea
c. Red clover
d.Pomegranate juice
Which of the following would not be a side effect of licorice
root when taken for stomach ulcers, bronchitis, sore throat,
or viral hepatitis?
a. Hypokalemia
b.Hypocalcemia
c. Hypertension
d.Preterm labor
Kimberly is taking Senna for her constipation. Which of her
medications might be less potent while taking this laxative?
a. Diuretic
b.Beta-blocker
c. Birth control
d.Metformin
Which of the following is thought to be a mechanism of
action for cranberries in preventing/treating UTI’s?
a. Antioxidant that decreases the inflammation from
infection
b.Antioxidant that exhibits antibacterial action against E. coli
c. Prevention of E. coli from clinging to GI walls
d.Flushing of E. coli from the GI tract
Which of the following vitamins is easily absorbed but is not
stored by the body?
a. Retinol
b.Vitamin B12
c. Calciferol
d.Vitamin E
Sally is experiencing dizziness, blurred vision, clumsiness, and
nausea. These symptoms are exacerbated after she drinks.
Which of the following vitamins could cause these
symptoms?
a. Retinol
b.Vitamin B12
c. Calciferol
d.Vitamin E
Which of the following should Bill avoid since he is taking
warfarin?
a. Retinol
b.Vitamin B12
c. Calciferol
d.Vitamin E
Which of the following supplements shows the most positive
evidence for its indication?
a. Vitamin D for osteoporosis
b.Fish oil for risk of myocardial infarction
c. Multivitamin for cardiovascular disease
d.CoQ10 for Alzheimer’s disease
Which of the following is not true of ubiquinone?
a. Potent antioxidant
b.Lowers blood pressure
c. Improves HDL
d.Prevents statin-induced myopathy
Which of the following is true of glucosamine?
a. Sulfate form is ineffective which may complicate clinical
trial data
b.Hydrochloride form is ineffective which may complicate
clinical trial data
c. Sulfate form is most effective which may complicate clinical
trial data
d.Hydrochloride form is most effective which may complicate
clinical trial data
Which of the following would not be a concern of using
melatonin?
a. Metabolization by CYP1A2
b.Metabolization by CYP3A4
c. Decreased fertility
d.Decreased breast milk production
Which of the following does not have clear evidence for
therapeutic effect?
a. Beta-sitosterols
b.Echinacea
c. Garlic
d.Ginseng
Jimmy just got his flu vaccine. He is a diabetic and taking a
supplement to lower his blood sugar that also might help
enhance his immune system and his response to the vaccine.
Which supplement is he taking?
a. Beta-sitosterols
b.Echinacea
c. Garlic
d.Ginseng
Which of the following has been found to be as effective as
TCAs and boosts the effectiveness of SSRIs?
a. Ginkgo biloba
b.Valerian
c. SAMe
d.St. John’s wort
Which of the following is used under PCP supervision to
improve sleep in patients with schizophrenia?
a. Omega-3 fatty acid
b.Valerian
c. Melatonin
d.Folic acid
Which of the following minerals might be missing from the
diet of someone who does not eat meat?
a. Chromium
b.Selenium
c. Zinc
d.Magnesium
Which of the following foods contains a mineral that could
be beneficial in preventing cancer and predicting HIV
survival?
a. Broccoli
b.Brazil nuts
c. Spinach
d.Beef
DERMATOLOGICALS
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin?
a. Dermis
b.Stratum granulosum
c. Stratum lucidum
d.Stratum corneum
Which of the following is not a way that the skin provides for
immunity?
a. Dry consistent covering
b.Alkaline environment
c. Normal flora
d.Skin associated lymphoid tissue
Which of the following will not increase absorption?
a. Lower hydrophilicity of the drug
b.Lower molecular weight of the drug
c. Increased drug ionization
d.Broken skin from eczema
Amelia has a rash on a small area on her cheek. Which of the
following personal characteristics and characteristics of this
rash would decrease the absorption of a topical drug?
a. The relatively thin skin on her face
b.Her advanced age
c. The inflammation from the rash
d.The small area of application
Which of the following glucocorticoids is the most potent?
a. Betamethasone
b.Budesonide
c. Clobetasol
d.Hydrocortisone
Which of the following would not increase the probability of
glucocorticoid toxicity?
a. High potency preparation
b.Use of occlusive dressing
c. Use for limited periods of time
d.Use on inflamed areas
Which of the following would not be an adverse effect from
glucocorticoid use?
a. Dermal atrophy
b.Induction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
c. Glaucoma and cataracts
d.Masking of fungal and bacterial infection
Which of the following inhibits cell proliferation and induces
differentiation in psoriatic skin?
a. Hydrocortisone
b.Calcipotriene
c. Retinoids
d.Mupirocin
How do retinoids produce their effects?
a. Bind directly to DNA to regulate gene expression
b.Bind to nuclear receptors that regulate gene expression
c. Bind to membrane receptors that inhibit cell proliferation
d.Bind to membrane receptors that induce apoptosis
Which of the following retinoid-like medications is no longer
on the US market?
a. Acitretin
b.Etretinate
c. Isotretinoin
d.Adapalene
Which of the following is true of isotretinoin?
a. It is almost completely absorbed in the GI tract
b.It should be taken with food
c. Plasma levels peak within an hour
d.It is excreted almost completely unchanged in the kidney
Which of the following is the side effect of taking isotretinoin
that is the main concern of the iPledge program?
a. Cheilitis and alopecia
b.Hyperlipidemia
c. Teratogenicity
d.Severe depression
Which of the following medications is a topical retinoid-like
drug?
a. Acitretin
b.Etretinate
c. Adapalene
d.isotretenoin
Which of the following is a counseling point for acitretin that
would not be a counseling point for isotretinoin?
a. Teratogenicity
b.Cutaneous symptoms
c. Abstinence from alcohol
d.Risk of hyperlipidemia
Which of the following medications for plaque psoriasis
works by blocking the CD2 region on T-lymphocytes?
a. Alefacept
b.Etanercept
c. Efalizumab
d.Inflixamab
Someone with which of the conditions would be least likely
to have an adverse reaction to etanercept?
a. Anemic
b.Congestive heart failure
c. Hyperlipidemia
d.Tuberculosis
Which of the following agents can be used to reduce
pigmentation of the skin?
a. Mupirocin
b.Monobenzone
c. Trioxsalen
d.Methoxalen
Which of the following wavelengths of light can be used with
trioxsalen for repigmentation of the skin?
a. UVA
b.UVB
c. UVC
d.UVD
Which of the following wavelengths of light is germicidal?
a. UVA
b.UVB
c. UVC
d.UVD
Which of the following sunscreen agents is effective against
UVA and UVB?
a. Para-aminobenzoic acid
b.Benzophenones
c. Cinnamates
d.Anthranilates
Which of the following sunscreen agents does not absorb
light?
a. Salicylates
b.Titanium dioxide
c. Cinnamates
d.Benzophenones
Which of the following is a keratolytic agent that is oxidized
to lactic acid and pyruvic acid?
a. Salicylic acid
b.Urea
c. Propylene glycol
d.Polyethylene glycol
Which of the following works similarly to saw palmetto and
may cause exaggerated effects when taken with this
supplement?
a. Eflornithine
b.Finasteride
c. Minoxidil
d.Dutasteride
The bearded lady no longer wants to work at the circus and
wants to look normal. Which of these medications should
she use?
a. Eflornithine
b.Finasteride
c. Minoxidil
d.Dutasteride