Transcript Making the most of Google Power Searching and Grey Literature

Beyond PubMed – Making the Most
of Google Power Searching & Grey
Literature
Philip J. Gregory, PharmD, MS, FACN
Director, Center for Drug Information & Evidence-Based Practice
Creighton University
March 5, 2016
Disclosures
• Consultant
• Therapeutic Research Center
Learning Objectives
• Differentiate grey literature from other types of literature.
• Identify sources of grey literature.
• Describe the Google-PubMed search triad and how it can be
applied to find drug information.
• Implement Google Power Searching techniques to identify
drug information.
Grey Literature
• Literature that isn’t in a book, journal, or published newsletter
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Not controlled by commercial publishing
Governmental publications
Academic / Business / organizational documents
Print or electronic formats
4th International Conference on Grey Literature, 1999
Grey Literature –
Examples
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Conference abstracts, posters, proceedings
Hospital protocols, reports, monographs
Governmental reports and documents
Theses, Dissertations
Listserv communications
Social media or personal communications
Grey Literature –
Where can you find it?
• Specialty databases
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International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)
Web of Science
Guidelines.gov / Clinicaltrials.gov
Many others
• Institutional Repositories
• Organizational websites
• Search engines (e.g., Google, Bing)
Grey Literature –
You’re already using it
• Drug manufacturer data
• Package insert / data on file
• Medical information communications
• FDA documents
• Safety alerts / recalls
• Orange book, Purple book
• Drugs@FDA
• Hospital Protocols
• PRN Communications
Grey Literature –
You’re already using it
• Organizational websites
• Treatment guidelines
• Health statistics
• Position papers
• CDC website
• Immunization schedules
• Guidelines / statistics
Some favorites…
VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services
(www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/)
Some favorites…
FDAble (www.fdable.com)
Some favorites…
Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction Database
(webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/arquery-rechercheei/index-eng.jsp)
Some favorites…
AHRQ Evidence-Based Practice Center Reports
(http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/evidence-basedreports/a-z/index.html)
Grey Literature
• Advantages
• Abundant
• Complementary to published literature
• Fills in gaps
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Cutting edge data
Decrease publication bias
Pulse of the community
Currency
Low-cost
Grey Literature
• Limitations
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Lack of peer review or quality control
Disorganized
Varied formats
Agenda of mission-based organizational publications
Currency
Answering Drug information Questions
INCORPORATING GREY LITERATURE
Search Triad
What is the role of triple antithrombotic therapy?
PubMed
Focused
Review
Literature
Search
•UptoDate
•DynaMed
•-Pharmacist’s
Letter
Focused
Specialty
Resource
Search
•Known
Guidelines
(CHEST,
ACC/AHA)
Google
Scholar
-Guidelines
-Reviews
-Trials
-Guidelines
-Reviews
-Trials
Google
-Protocols
-Guidelines
-Reports
(AHRQ)
Search Triad
PubMed
Google Scholar
Google
•Precision search
•Controlled
vocabulary
•Extensive filters
•Known journal index
•Grey literature access
•Search flexibility
•Natural vocabulary
•Full-text search
•Broad literature coverage
•Limited advanced search
•More grey literature
access
•Search flexibility
•Natural vocabulary
•Full-text search
•Questionable sources
•Limited advanced search
•Extensive grey literature
access
PubMed vs. Google Scholar
25%
P<0.001
20%
P<0.001
15%
PubMed
P=0.07
10%
Google Scholar
5%
0%
Relevant Articles
Precision
Shariff SZ, et al. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(8):e164
Full-Text Link
PubMed vs. Google Scholar
40
35
P<0.0001
30
25
20
15
10
P=0.036
5
0
# of
citations
82%
80%
78%
76%
74%
72%
70%
68%
66%
64%
62%
Journal
Impact
Nourbakhse E, et al. Health Info Libr J 2012;29(3):214-22.
P=0.116
PubMed
Google
Scholar
Relevant Hits
PubMed vs. Google Scholar
80%
P=0.87
70%
60%
P=0.44
50%
PubMed
40%
Google Scholar
30%
20%
P<0.001
10%
0%
Relevant Hits
Full-text
Anders ME, et al. Respir Care 2010;55(5):578-83
Precision
Google Power Searching
• Maximizing Google search features to find relevant drug
information
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Primary literature, review literature, grey literature
Advanced Search
Search operators
Review top 50-100 hits
Google Power Searching
• Filetype:
• Find articles of specific file types
• Example:
• filetype:pdf
• filetype:doc
• filetype:ppt
Google Power Searching
• Site:
• Find content from specific sites
• Example:
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Site:.org
Site:.gov
Site:.edu
Site: accp.com
Google Power Searching
• Intitle: and allintitle:
• Narrow search findings to title only
• Example:
• Intitle: therapeutic interchange
• allintitle:ondansetron safety pregnancy nausea
Google Power Searching
• Related:
• Finds websites with similar content
• Related:cdc.gov
• Related:cebm.net
Google Power Searching
• Other Tools
• “Word” – turns off spell check and synonym search
• “Search phrase” – forces specific order of words
• "bulk drug storage" expiration
• - to eliminate a word from search results
• “Triple antithrombotic therapy” -”atrial fibrillation”
Case
• How should vancomycin be dosed for sepsis in patients on
dialysis?
• filetype:pdf vancomycin sepsis dialysis
Case
• Does ginger increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking
antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs?
• Site:.gov ginger “bleeding” -ulcer
Case
http://www.powersearchingwithgoogle.com/
Grey Literature
• Resources About Grey Literature
• Grey Literature Report (www.greylit.org)
• Grey Matters (www.cadth.ca/resources/finding-evidence/greymatters-practical-search-tool-evidence-based-medicine)
• OpenGrey (www.opengrey.eu/)
• GreyNet International (www.greynet.org/)
Philip J. Gregory, PharmD, MS, FACN
Director, Center for Drug Information & Evidence-Based
Practice
Creighton University
[email protected]
Assessment Question
• Which is an example of grey literature (select all that
apply)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
An article in AJHP
Prescription drug prescribing information
Pharmacotherapy textbook
The FDA Orange Book
Assessment Question
• Identify sources of grey literature (select all that apply):
A.
B.
C.
D.
CDC.gov
AHRQ.gov
Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Google
Assessment Question
• Which represents the components of the GooglePubMed Triad?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Google, FDA, PubMed
Guidelines, Google, UptoDate
Guidelines, Google Scholar, PubMed
PubMed, Google, Google Scholar
Assessment Question
• Which Google search operator could be used to find
“PDF” documents?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Filetype: .pdf
Articletype: .pdf
Site: .pdf
“PDF”