Transcript Chapter 21 Tobaccox

Tobacco
• Smoking is directly responsible for approximately 90
percent of lung cancer deaths and approximately 80-90
percent of COPD (emphysema and chronic
bronchitis) deaths
• About 8.6 million people in the U.S. have at least one
serious illness caused by smoking. That means that for
every person who dies of a smoking-related disease,
there are 20 more people who suffer from at least one
serious illness associated with smoking
Facts about smoking
• More than 16 million Americans are living with a
disease caused by smoking
• Worldwide, tobacco use causes nearly 6 million deaths
per year
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than
480,000 deaths per year in the United States,
including nearly 42,000 deaths from secondhand
smoke exposure
• Total economic cost of smoking is more than $300 billion
a year, including:
• Nearly $170 billion in direct medical care for adults5
• More than $156 billion in lost productivity due to premature
death and exposure to secondhand smoke
Facts about smoking
• Addictive drug- a substance that causes physiological or
psychological dependence
• Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
• Nicotine is a stimulant- a drug that increases the action
of the CNS, the heart, and other organs
• Other affects: raises BP, increases HR, contributes to
heart disease and stroke
Nicotine
Affects of Tobacco Abuse
• http://www.medicinenet.com/smoking_effects_pictures_slides
how/article.htm
• Smoke from burning tobacco is toxic and secondhand smoke
is a Group A carcinogen
• Carcinogen is a cancer-causing substance
• Smoking and Cancer from the National Cancer Institute
Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths
and is responsible for most cancers of the larynx, oral cavity
and pharynx, esophagus, and bladder.
• Secondhand smoke is responsible for an estimated 3,000 lung
cancer deaths among U.S. nonsmokers each year.
• Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemical agents,
including over 60 substances that are known to cause cancer.
• The risk of developing smoking-related cancers, as well as
noncancerous diseases, increases with total lifetime exposure
to cigarette smoke.
• Smoking cessation has major and immediate health benefits,
including decreasing the risk of lung and other cancers, heart
attack, stroke, and chronic lung disease.
Affects continued
• Tar- a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco
burns
• Tar destroys structures that line the respiratory tract and
protect against infection
• Tar destroys alveoli which absorb oxygen
• Smokers are susceptible to bronchitis, pneumonia,
emphysema, and cancer
• Carbon Monoxide- colorless, odorless, poisonous gas;
replaces O2 in the blood; increases risk of high BP, heart
disease, and hardening of the arteries
Tar & Carbon Monoxide
• Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce
more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes do
• Pipe cigar smokers have an increased risk of developing
cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat
Pipes and Cigars
Smokeless tobacco
• Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the
mouth, or chewed
• Contains 28 carcinogens
• Delivers 2-3 times the amount of nicotine delivered by a
single cigarette
• Causes leukoplakia- a thickened, white, leathery-looking
spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into
oral cancer
Smokeless Tobacco causes
Leukoplakia
• Changes in brain chemistry- addictive properties cause
the body to crave more of the drug as soon as 30 minutes
after use; headaches, nervousness, trembling
• Increased respiration & HR- breathing becomes more
difficult; irregular HR
• Dulled taste buds & reduced appetite
• Bad breath, clothes, hair, and skin smell
Short-term effects
• Chronic bronchitis- buildup of tar in the lungs causing
chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion
• Emphysema- difficult for lungs to absorb oxygen; use up
to 80% of your energy to breath
• Lung cancer
• Coronary heart disease and stroke
Long-term effects
Risks for Smokers and
Nonsmokers
• Both users and nonusers breathe environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, which is air
contaminated by tobacco smoke
• Mainstream smoke- smoke exhaled from the lungs of a
user, contains carcinogens, nicotine, and tar
• Secondhand smoke- smoke from the burning end of a
cigarette, pipe, or cigar, has high concentrations of
carcinogens, nicotine, and tar
Health Risks of Tobacco
• Tobacco bring serious consequences for Teens:
• Legal- selling tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal
• Social- many people find second hand smoke offensive
• Financial- use of tobacco products is expensive
Other Consequences
• Environmental Smoke from Cigarettes and Cigars
contain:
• More than 4000 chemical compounds
• 43 are identified as carcinogens
• Breathing 1st or 2nd hand smoke can cause
• Eye irritation, headaches, ear-infections, and coughing
• Every year 3000 people are diagnose with lung cancer from
2nd hand smoke
Effects of Smoke on
Nonsmokers
• E-cigarettes are battery operated devices designed to
deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals in
vapor
• More than 250 different e-cigarette brands are currently
on the market
• E-cigarettes are often promoted as safer alternatives to
traditional cigarettes, however little is known about the
health risks of using these devices
• Testing of some e-cigarette products found the vapor to
contain known carcinogens and toxic chemicals (such as
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde), as well as potentially toxic
metal nanoparticles from the vaporizing mechanism
E-cigarettes
• Only a small dose of liquid nicotine is toxic and can be
lethal
• less than one tablespoon of many of the e-liquids on the
market is enough to kill an adult, and as little as a teaspoon
could kill a child
• searchers are finding e-cig users experience diminished
lung function, airway resistance and cellular changes
• Starter kits usually run between $30 and $100; The
estimated cost of replacement cartridges is about $600
E-cigarettes