Transcript Language Disorders

Language and
Speech Disabilities
Communication
► The
exchange of thoughts, information,
feelings, and ideas, and it requires three
things:
 a sender
 a message
 a receiver
► Communication
has not taken place unless all
three elements are in place and working.
Language Disorder
► Impaired
comprehension and/or use of
spoken, written, and/or other symbol
systems.
► Disorder may involve (in any combination):
 Form of language
 Content of language
 Function of language
► Form
of Language
 Phonology: sounds
 Morphology: words
 Syntax: sentence/grammar
► Content
of Language
 Semantics: meaning
► Function
of Language
 Pragmatics: meaning in context
Characteristics of Language Disorders
Improper use of words and their meanings
► Is unable to match letters with sounds
► Cannot create rhymes
► Cannot break words into syllables
► Has an inadequate vocabulary
► Demonstrates poor concept formation
► Does not understand nuances, nonverbal messages,
or humor
► Difficulty conveying messages or conversing with
others
► Difficulty expressing ideas and personal needs
►
Some causes of Language Disorders
► Brain
injury
► Neurological disorders
► Hearing impairments
► No appropriate role models/left alone often
► Not spoken to frequently/punished for speaking
► Ignored when trying to communicate
► Autism
Types of Disorders
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Language delay- may represent delayed or complete lack of language
development
Developmental Aphasia- a problem in developing language that can
result in poor pronunciation, limited speech, and problems with
grammar
Vocabulary difficulties
Receptive Language Disorder- inability to understand language
Expressive Language Disorder- limited ability to communicate even
though language can be understood
Autistic Expression- the use of a bizarre, individual form of language
Elective Mutism- refusing to use language in certain situations where it
would normally be appropriate
Psychotic or Disorganized Language- use of language that is
disorganized and hard to understand
Language Disorders related to decreased intelligence or IQ, which may
affect multiple areas of language development
Production of Speech
► Respiration
► Phonation
► Resonation
► Articulation
Speech Disorder
► Impairment
of the articulation of speech sounds,
fluency, and/or voice
►
Articulation: Abnormal production of speech sounds
►
Fluency: Hesitations or repetitions of sounds or words
that interrupt a person’s flow of speech. (i.e.
stuttering)
►
Voice: abnormal production and/or absence of voice
quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration
Characteristics of Speech Disorders
► Makes
consistent and age-inappropriate
articulation errors
► Difficulty producing speech sounds
► Stuttering/dysfluency
► Has poor voice quality
► Is excessively loud or soft
► Listeners have trouble understanding
Some causes of Speech Disorders
► Brain
damage
► Malfunction of the respiratory or speech
mechanisms
► Hearing impairments
► Birth defects (cleft palate)
► Structural problems (lips, teeth, jaw)
► Drug abuse
► Vocal abuse or misuse