Transcript Contribution of Animal Products to the World Diet

Animal Science
2012- 2013
Red Lodge High School
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Animal Contributions to
Human Needs
Chapter 1
What is the function of
Animal Agriculture
Production of food and fiber
Animal Agriculture
 All societies use domestic animals as a
source of food, consumer products or
companionship
 Domestic animals supply humans many
different things
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Food
Clothing
By-products for consumer goods or feed
Power
Research
Animal Contributions
Species
Primary Uses
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Meat, milk, hides
Wool, meat, milk, hides
Milk, meat, hair, hides
Buffalo
Camels, Yaks,
Llamas
Chickens,
Turkey, Ducks
Swine
Draft, milk, meat, hides, bones
Packing, riding, draft, meat, milk,
hides
Meat, eggs, feathers
Horses,
Donkeys, Mules
Draft, packing, riding, companion
animals, occasionally meat
Meat, leather
Contribution of Animal
Products to the World Diet
 Animal products comprise ~16% of total
calories and 37% of total protein.
 30% of total calories in some developed counties
and 50% of the protein supply
 less than 20% of protein in some developing
countries.
 The contribution of animal products to food
supply has increased in most of the world
 “Livestock Revolution”
 From early 70’s through the early 90’s meat consumption
in developing countries grew 3x more than in developed
countries
Contribution of Animal
Products to the World Diet
 In general, as standard of living
increases, the country tends to have a
higher consumption of animal products.
 Mechanization largely responsible for
increased food production
 Mechanization made it possible for
fewer farmers to feed more people
– 1940 1 farmer fed 11people
– 1995 1 farmer fed 94 people
What happens to
consumption of animal
products with increasing
standard of living?
Consumption increases
Dietary Recommendations
Sex
Age
Kcal/day
Female
25-30
2000
Protein
(mg/day)
44
Male
25-30
2700
46
Disposable Income Spent on
Food
Year
Annual
Income
Amount Spent on Food
Home
Away
% total
1960
2,265
301
109
17.8
1970
3,489
380
194
14.1
1980
8,421
818
530
13.8
1985
11,861
991
717
12.6
1990
16,236
1,242
1,013
11.7
1995
19,703
1,320
1,165
11.2
Contributions of Various Food
Groups to the World Food Supply
Food Group
Calories (%) Protein (%)
Cereals
50
45
Roots, tubers, and pulses
8
7
Nuts, oils, vegetable fats
11
4
Sugar and sugar products
8
2
Vegetables and fruits
7
5
All animal Products
16
37
Meat
(7)
(16)
Eggs
(1)
(3)
Fish
(1)
(7)
Milk
(5)
(10)
Other
(2)
(1)
World Meat Supply
 Majority of the world meat supply comes
from cattle, buffalo, swine, sheep, goats
and horses
 Other sources common to other
countries are alpaca, llama, yak, deer,
elk, antelope, kangaroo, rabbit, guinea
pig, capybara, fowl other than chicken
(duck, turkey, goose, guinea fowl,
pigeon), and wild game
Role of Animal Products in
a Balanced Diet
 Animal Foods
Provide:
– High quality protein
– Zinc, Iron, Calcium
– Vitamin A, D, E, K,
and B12
– Fats and lipids
 Plants Provide:
–Carbohydrates
(energy)
–Vitamins
–Minerals
–Fats and lipids
Problems with animal
products
 No fiber or roughage
 Excessive protein possible
 Carbohydrate deficient but rich in fats
 Deficient in vitamin C
 Cholesterol
Animal Contribution to People
 Milk is one of the largest single sources
of food from animals.
 Milk from cattle most common in the
United States
 Other sources of milk in the world
– Buffalo, sheep, goat, alpaca, camel,
reindeer and yak
Animal Production Efficiency
 Animal production is considered a
resource inefficient practice because it
takes more grain to produce a pound of
meat than it would to feed a person.
– This is true only if feeding animals food
that humans could consume.
– Most grains used for livestock production is
not suitable for human consumption
– Ruminants consume forages that humans
could not digest
Animal Production Efficiency
 Animals grazed on land not fit for crop
production
 2/3rds of the world is permanent pasture,
range and meadow
 Of this 60% of the world land mass is
unsuitable for cultivated crop production
 Animal production does not compete with
human use. Animal intermediaries
provide a means to utilize land that would
be unproductive for humans
Food Contributions
 Conquering Hunger
– Increase literacy rates
– Reduce poverty
– Improve health care
– Enhance agricultural production
– Improve the total food system
infrastructure
Food Contributions
 Eighty-five percent of the world’s
population desire food of animal origin
in its diet
 Animal products more palatable than
plants?
 Animal products higher class?
 Consumers tend to increase their
animal products consumption when
income increases.
Clothing and Nonfood
 Wool, hair, hides and pelts are used for
clothing, bedding, housing and carpets.
 Animal wastes are used for fertilizers
 Inedible tallow and grease used in soaps and
animal feeds and a source of fatty acids for
lubricants and industrial uses.
 Fatty acids can be used to produce synthetic
rubber, food emulsifiers, plasticizers, floor
waxes, candles, paints, varnishes, printing
inks and pharmaceuticals
 Gelatin from hides, skins and bones used in
foods, films and glues
Work and Power
 More than half the countries of the world
keep animals primarily for work
 Most are buffalo or cattle but horse,
mules, camels, and llamas are also
used for draft purposes.
 Twenty percent of the world’s
population depends largely or entirely
on animals for moving goods.
Work and Power
 Animals provide 52% of the cultivation
power in developing countries
 An additional 26% of cultivation power
is provided by human labor
 Developed countries use tractor for 82%
of their cultivation
Companionship, Recreation
and Creativity
 Many species of animals qualify as
companions where people derive
pleasure from them
 The contribution of animals as
companions is meaningful, though hard
to quantify
 Many animals are used for recreation
– Bull fighting, rodeos and other sports
Human Health Research
 Laboratory animals (rats, mice) are
commonly used to provide valuable
information for improving human life.
 Large domestic farm animals are used
less often because of cost of
maintenance costs.
 Farm animals serve as research models
for approximately 200 human diseases