Transcript Genetic Engineering - Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering

Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (TMS)
Peter P. Ricci
Biomedical Engineering
BME 281 Section 1
Background
Depression
• Affects 350 million people on a daily basis
• The leading cause of disability worldwide and a major
contributor to the global number of mental disorders
• Can develop at any age, but has a median onset of 35 years old
Introduction
• TMS is the process of using a magnetic generator to
stimulation the brain cells that control mood
• Early clinical implementation has shown the ability to treat the
effects of major brain damage and mental disorders
• Neurological Disorders
– Stroke symptoms
– Depression
– Motor neuron disease
Process
1. A magnetic field generator, or coil, is placed near the desire
part to the brain
2. The coil then produces electric currents just above the head
3. The coil is attached to a pulse generator, which alternates the
flow of the electric currents
1. The currents stimulate the neurons of the limbic system to
control mood
Chervyakov, Alexander. “Possible mechanisms underlying the Therapeutic effects of transcranial magnetic
stimulation.” Frontiers in human neuroscience 2015; 9: 303. Jun 16 2015
Clinical Study
• Research comprised of 24 drug resistant patients that were
diagnosed with recurrent major depressive disorder
• Patients received daily TMS treatments for 4 weeks
• Patients were then split into two groups in which one received
continual maintenance over a 12 month period while the other
only received the initial treatment
Results
• Results displayed a significant reduction in
HDRS scores for all patients involved
• Patients receiving follow-up maintenance
showed even greater improvements
Results
Patients with TMS
Maintenance
Patients without TMS
Maintenance
Baseline HDRS
23.83
23.50
Post TMS HDRS
9.83
9.92
6 month follow-up
9.33
13.75
12 month follow-up
12.92
16.17
Rapinesi, Chiara. “Maintenance Deep Transcranial Magnetic stimulation sessions are associated
with reduced depressive relapses” Frontiers in Neurology 2015: 9: 16. Feb 6 2015
Advantages & Disadvantages
BlackHawk TMS <http://www.blackhawktms.com/transcranialmagneticstimulation/tms-side-effects.php
Future Implementation
• Research into the effects of debilitating brain
injuries
– i.e. stroke & motor neuron disease
• Treatment for numerous mental disorders
– Hopefully a sustainable cure for depression
Questions?
References
1. Chervyakov, Alexander. “Possible mechanisms underlying the Therapeutic
effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation.” Frontiers in human
neuroscience 2015; 9: 303. Jun 16 2015
1. Wikipedia: transcranial magnetic stimulation
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation>.
1. Rapinesi, Chiara. “Maintenance Deep Transcranial Magnetic stimulation
sessions are associated with reduced depressive relapses” Frontiers in
Neurology 2015: 9: 16. Feb 6 2015
1. BlackHawk TMS
<http://www.blackhawktms.com/transcranialmagneticstimulation/tmsside-effects.php >