Transcript Bioengineering

Bioengineering
Foundations of Engineering
Bioengineering
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Bioengineering is a branch of engineering that applies
engineering problem solving to the areas of biology
and medicine.
Bioengineering-Agricultural and Environmental
studies: The generation to solutions for agricultural,
environmental, and natural resource based problems.
BioMedical Engineering: artificial organs, prostheses,
instrumentation, medical information systems, and
health management and care delivery systems.
Biomechanical: developing the machinery used to
assist in bio ag engineering and biomedical engineering:
MRI machines, Prosthetics.
Bioengineering
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Issues affecting Bio-ag-engineering.
Career Info:
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University of Georgia more geared toward BiologicalAgricultural Engineering (See attached PDF)
Georgia Tech Bioengineering is more geared toward
biomedical (http://www.bioengineering.gatech.edu/general/overview.html)
Bioengineering – Agricultural/Environmental
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Green alternatives to fossil fuels.
Ethanol generated by the distilling of corn.
Research possibilities of other crops (sugar cane, root plants) to yield
greater output of ethanol than corn.
Bioengineering (splicing DNA) corn to yield higher sugar content
than normal consumable corn.
Ethics
Code of Ethics Handout
 Review the Engineering Code of Ethics Handout
especially the Canons 1-7.
 Based on these canons, read the following scenarios
and make an argument for or against the engineering
situation presented in each.
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Bioengineering
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Discussion Scenario 1:
University scientists have isolated the gene that
makes a morning glory blue, red, pink or yellow.
They are able to splice that dna with that of a
cotton plant to yield a naturally grown cotton
fiber that is already blue, red, pink or yellow.
Discuss the economic, ethical, and
environmental impacts of this bioengineered
cotton. Should it be allowed?
Bioengineering
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Discussion 2:
The same research team has turned to animal dna. They
have isolated the gene responsible for the effervescent
glow of a certain variety of jelly fish. They have
decided to introduce that gene to the dna of Flemish
giant rabbit (large white rabbits used to promote Easter
candy). Discuss the economic, ethical, and
environmental impacts of this bioengineered cotton.
Should it be allowed?
Bioengineering
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Discussion 3:
Researchers at the University of Georgia have
developed a hybrid peanut. It is bioengineered by
splicing the dna of another plant that has a genetic
disposition to resist afflotoxin. Afflotoxin is a mold that
occasional forms on a peanut crop if moist conditions
are present and the peanut is not extracted from the
dirt in a timely fashion. If present, can render an entire
harvest inedible as afflotoxin has been associated with
liver diseases that could lead to death. Discuss the
economic, ethical, and environmental impacts of this
bioengineered cotton. Should it be allowed?
Bioengineering
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Discussion 4:
Georgia is one of the largest poultry producing states
in the nation. Industry sales statistics show that
consumers purchase breast meat chicken 5 to one over
other parts of the chicken. Researchers have introduced
a growth hormone to the feed used by the Georgia
Poultry Farmers yielding chickens larger than average
breast meat to maximize expenses and increase profits.
Discuss the economic, ethical, and environmental
impacts of this bioengineered cotton. Should it be
allowed?
Bioengineering
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Biomedical Engineering: artificial organs, prostheses,
instrumentation, medical information systems, and
health management and care delivery systems.
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Drug Discovery
Bioprospecting & Medicinal Chemistry
Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostics
Bioengineering & Biocompatible Materials
Cancer, Ageing, & Inflammatory Disease Vaccine &
Infectious Diseases
Ethics
Code of Ethics Handout
 Review the Engineering Code of Ethics Handout
especially the Canons 1-7.
 Based on these canons, read the following scenarios
and make an argument for or against the engineering
situation presented in each.
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Bioengineering
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Fyster Corp. is a leading producer of
pharmaceuticals. They have research that shows
that stem cells can be the source to a variety of
human diseases. However, in order to create
stem cells, Fyster Corp. would need to artificially
cultivate human embryos in a laboratory for the
purpose of harvesting these cells. Based on the
Code of Ethics, is this an acceptable
bioengineering practice?
Bioengineering
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Fyster Corp, a leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals
is releasing a line of medications proposed to prevent
Alzheimer's Disease. Lab studies on animals have
shown 60% success in correcting brain tissue. But 40%
experienced sever brain damage and resulting a
vegetative state. Fyster would like to conduct human
research on death row inmates at federal prisons
around the United States. Based on the Code of Ethics,
is this an acceptable bioengineering practice?
Bioengineering
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Fyster Corp., a leading producer of pharmaceuticals,
marketed a drug which caused dangerously high blood
pressure in some patients leading to several strokes and
deaths. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
banned the drug from the US market. However,
European agencies have not yet set a ban on the
product. Fyster continued to export the drug to
European markets contending that the risk factors are
heavily outweighed by the benefits and discredited the
US ban. Based on the Code of Ethics, is this an
acceptable bioengineering practice?
Bioengineering
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Biomechanical Engineering - according to Stanford University:
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Biomechanical Engineering (BME) has research and teaching programs which focus
primarily on neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular biomechanics.
Research in other areas including hearing, vision, ocean and plant biomechanics,
biomaterials, biosensors, and imaging informatics are conducted in collaboration
with associated faculty in medicine, biology, and engineering.
BME has particularly strong research interactions with Mechanics and Computation
and Design in Mechanical Engineering Department, the Division of Orthopaedic
Surgery , and the Departments of Surgery, and Radiology in the School of
Medicine.
Research in BME is based upon the integration of biology and clinical medicine with
engineering mechanics and design.
Clinical and biological observations and data provide the basis of inquiry.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation are major tools for better
organizing these findings and developing a theoretical framework to provide further
insights.
Experimental biological, mechanical, and clinical studies are conducted to answer key
research questions and to validate theoretical models.
The design and evaluation of medical implants, devices, and procedures is an
important aspect of much of this research.
From: http://www.stanford.edu/group/biomech/
Bioengineering
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Biomechanical Engineering Problem Solving Activity:
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Problem Statement: Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease
that causes severe pain in the joints. Some people with
osteoarthritis have a difficult time grabbing small objects,
maintaining grip and controlling their hands. This makes
simple everyday tasks that we take for granted very difficult
and painful. You are to design a device that can be easily
used by osteoarthritis sufferers to plug in and unplug
electronic devices.
Biomechanical Engineering Design Challenge
Bioengineering
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What is osteoarthritis?
What causes this?
What are the recommended cures or treatments?
Whom does it affect more (men, women, ages, etc.)
Analyze the motion of plugging in and unplugging a device. Which muscle
groups are affected?
Measure a standard outlet. Measure a standard plug. Measure the average
hand. How can this data be used to shape your solution?
Basic Criteria Analysis Excel Spreadsheet