Transcript CB064-4.13 - Workforce Solutions

Analgesics, CNS Depressants,
and Antiepileptics
Definitions & Terms to Know
Pain (acute vs
chronic vs somatic
vs phantom vs
special)
Analgesia
Addiction
Adjuvent
Prostaglandin
Agonist
Agonist-Antagonist
Antagonist
Hypnotic
GABA
Sedative
Autoinduction
Seizure
Convulsion
Epilepsy
Non-Pharmalogical
Interventions for Pain Relief
H_______ or C_________
M________________
D________________
I______________
M________, A____, or P____Therapy
R______________
Therapeutic C__________________
Gate Theory of Pain
Transmission and Relief
Pain causes chemo-receptors to be released.
Message sent along sensory nerves to the
spinal cord “gates.”
Gate is controlled by the brain, not the
peripheral nerves.
When impulses are stopped at the gate, no
pain is “felt” by the brain.
Cells that control the Gate have a threshold,
some impulses overcome the threshold to
travel to the brain.
Acetaminophen
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Hepatic necrosis c overdose (>4000mg/d)
antidote is Mucomyst(acetylsisteine)
Nephropathy with long term use
Numerous combos
Opioids
Agonist action- binds to pain receptors.
Antagonist action- reverses the action
of agonist on pain receptors.
Chemo-receptors: P________________
E____________, S________, H_______,
B________________
Opioids (cont.)
Uses: pain, cough, diarrhea, anesthesia
Side Effects: Constipation, sedation,
dependence, hypotension, respiratory
depression, itching, urinary retention, N&V
Adverse effects: paralitic ileus,
hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, addiction,
hallucination
Interactions: Potentiates other CNS deprsnts.
Barbiturates
Uses: Insomnia, seizures/epilepsy,
Many side effects, narrow therapeutic
index, addictive, deprived of REM sleep
= rebound nightmares on cessation
Benzodiazepines
Uses: Insomnia (sedative-hypnotic),
anxiety (anxiolytic), alcohol withdrawal
(competes with CNS receptors) muscle
spasms (skeletal muscle relaxant)
Side Effects: Headache drowsiness,
dizziness
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Uses: muscle spasticity from acute
injury or chronic disease
Side effects: lightheaded , dizziness,
drowsiness, muscle weakness,
constipation
Antiepileptic Agents
Uses: various seizures and convulsions
(suppress transmission of nerve
impulses)
Side Effects: drowsiness,
agranulocytosis, gingival hyperplasia,
“Dilantin Facies,” dysrhythmias, drug
interactions, numerous others
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