Transcript Where does it come from?

Cannabis
• Where does it come from?
*cannabis sativa, a type of hemp plant
* Hash comes from resin of plant-a bit more
potent; has more of the active ingredient THC
or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
* Hash oil
• History
- smoked or used for literally thousands of years; it
served religious functions in India & used for medical
reasons in China
Cannabis - History
 in Colonial America, cannabis was farmed for its fiberous
material, hemp, and was important crop until after Civil War
 hash and marijuana brought to attention of western world in
1800s
 primarily used in US as a medicine for various ills, not for
its mind altering properties
 prohibition sparked increased usage in 1920s (tea pads)
 by 1937, most states had laws forbidding non-medical use
of marijuana
 Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
 penalties grew more strict, even in 1960s when smoking pot
was popular until early 1970s when laws eased
Cannabis
Strict laws and social taboos on use of the
drug despite commission reports and
scientific findings stating that marijuana
not that harmful to user or society; nor
has it been found to be as seriously
“addictive” as other psychoactive drugs
Marijuana Policy Project: www.mmp.org
Cannabis - Prevalence
• the most frequently used illegal drug in US
• over 40% have used it at least once in their
lifetimes, including presidents and politicians!
• pot use hit a peak in late 70s and has declined in all
age groups since then
NSDUH Marijuana Use % (2012)
Lifetime Past yr Past mo
Total
12-17
17.0
13.5
7.2
18-25
52.2
31.5
18.7
8.6
5.3
26 & older 44.4
Male
Female
Cannabis
• Effects
Physiological: smoking is most efficient way to use it
(holding it in…); peak levels in 30-60 minutes, with highs
usually lasting 2-4 hours
raises serotonin levels; lowers ACH; increases heart rate; dry
mouth, hunger, sedation and drowsiness may occur
Anandamide, a naturally occurring brain chemical, and THC
bind to same protein in brain cells; 2-AG is another chemical
similar to THC that exists in our brains
Born with the Munchies?
Cannabis
 Psychological / Reasons for use
 medical reasons for usage: in 1996, California and
Arizona were first to pass laws permitting medical use of
marijuana
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Cannabis
Negative effects
- withdrawal symptoms that may occur after heavy use
include:
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- short-term memory impairment
- apathy, decrease in motivation
- impaired driving
- may trigger paranoia, usually mild forms
Cannabis - Negative Effects
- chronic use associated with low sperm count, abnormal
sperm formation and motility, and possible male impotence;
enlarged breasts in males has also been reported.
- in females, failure to ovulate has been noted
-if used during pregnancy may be associated with low birth
weight, premature birth (but these women may also be
smokers, drinkers)
- lung damage; associated with cancer?
- pot as a “gateway” drug?