Transcript Drug - Trimble County Schools

Chapter 9
Drugs, Part 1
Objectives
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Compare and contrast psychological and
physical dependence
Name and classify the commonly abused drugs
Drug
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Any natural or synthetic substance that is
used to produce physiological or
psychological effects in humans or other
higher order animals
Drugs can mean:
a.
b.
c.
Sustaining and prolonging life
Provide an escape from life’s pressures
A means of ending a life
Background & History
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In the 1960’s:marijuana became the most widely
used illicit drug in the US
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alcohol consumption continued to rise
Today, 90 million Americans drink regularly
Today, 10 million have alcohol addiction
In the 1970’s: heroin addiction emerged
Today: cocaine abuse
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Approximately 23 million people use illicit drugs
More than 75 % of the evidence being evaluated in crime
laboratories is drug related
Drug Dependence depends on:
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Nature of the drug
Route of administration
The dose
Frequency of administration
Individual rate of metabolism
Non-drug factors which
influence dependence are:
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Personal characteristics
Expectation of the drug experience
Society’s attitudes
Setting in which the drug is used
Psychological dependence
Arises from personal and social factors
that act as an escape from personal
problems and stressful situations
 Produces a conditioned pattern of drug
abuse
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Some drugs result in a high degree of involvement if
continuation of the drug occurs
Some drugs have a lower potential for the
development of psychological dependence
(marijuana, codeine)
Physical dependence
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Characterized by withdrawal sickness or
abstinence syndrome
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(body chills, vomiting, stomach cramps,
convulsions, pain, hallucinations)
Marijuana, LSD, cocaine do have the
potential for creating physical
dependence.
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As can Alcohol, heroin, barbiturates
Narcotic Drugs
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Substances that bring relief from pain and
produce sleep
Analgesics = relieve pain by exerting a
depressing action on the central nervous
system (CNS)
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Most derived from opium (poppy plant)
Opium is brown in color with a morphine content
between 4-21%
Heroin
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Derivative of opium
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React morphine with acetic anhydride or acetyl
chloride
Most addicts prefer
Soluble in water and taken intravenously
Produces a high accompanied by drowsiness
and a sense of well-being lasting 3-4 hours
Diluents include Quinine, Starch, Lactose,
Procaine (Novocain), Mannitol
More Narcotics
Codeine is present in opium and prepared
synthetically from morphine
 Opiates – drugs that have similar
physiological effects as the opium
narcotics but are not naturally derived
from opium
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Opiates
OxyContin - synthetically related to
morphine and heroin in chemical structure
 Methadone – synthetic opiate
 Prevents a high from morphine or
heroin if taken in oral doses
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Refer to Table 9-1
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Page 236
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Narcotic Drugs – page 237, paragraph 3
Hallucinogens
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drugs that can cause marked alterations in
normal thought processes, perceptions and
moods
Marijuana
Marijuana
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Derived from Cannabis sativa L.
Produces a sticky resin called hashish
Sinsemilla is potent form of marijuana which is
made from the unfertilized flowering tops of the
female plant
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is the chemical
responsible for the hallucinogenic effect
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THC concentration is highest in resin, flowers, and leaves
Marijuana History
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First use of marijuana occurred medically in
2737 BC by Chinese Emperor Shen Nung
(see uses on page 240 p.5)
A part of the Hindu culture in 1000 BC
About 500 AD it began to appear in Persian
and Arabian lit
First introduced in 1920 in the US by
Mexican laborers crossing into Texas
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Read report of the National Commission of
Marijuana and Drug Abuse page 242-243
LSD
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lysergic acid diethylamide
Synthesized from ergot, a type of fungus of
certain grasses and grains
Can produce effect for 12 hours
Extreme mood changer
User prone to flashbacks and psychotic
reactions
PCP (phencyclidine)
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Sold as powder (angel dust) or capsule
Causes a false sense of strength and
invulnerability
Also causes depression, violent behavior,
suicide
MDMA or Ectasy
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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Synthetic, mind-altering drug
Exhibits many hallucinogenic and
amphetamine-like effects
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Originally patented as a appetite suppressant
Induces feelings of happiness and relaxation