Transcript Biological source

Gross anatomical study of
Crude Drugs
Fennel
Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Fennel
Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to
Know:
• Biological Source
• Microscopical characters
• Chemical constituents &
• Uses of Fennel.
Known to unknown
Identify this photograph
Q.
How did you identify
?
A: We are familiar with /We saw
them earlier/We use them in
our house.
FIG 87.1
Q. Are you sure they are genuine Fennel?
Ans: Yes
Q. How do you confirm?
Ans: As they appear in that form.
Q. Is there any method of identify for genuine
crude drugs?
Ans: Morphological features / Histological features
Biological source
FIG 87. 2
Consists of dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare
Family : Umbelliferae
T.S of Fennel Fruit
Fig 87.3
Microscopy
T.S of microscopy of a MSericarp of Fennel shows
1.Pericarp
a) Epicarp
b) Mesocarp
c) Endocarp
2. Seed
a) Testa
b) Endosperm
Pericarp
Epicarp :
A layer of
quadrangular to
polygonal cells with
smooth cuticle.
Fig 87.4
Pericarp (contd)
Mesocarp:
Reticulate Lignified
parenchyma surrounding
the vascular bundles.
1)Vascular bundles:
Five in number,bicollateral,
present below each primary
ridge.
2)Vittae:
Schizogenous oil cells
- 4 on dorsal side
- 2 on commissural
surface
Fig 87. 5
Pericarp
(contd)
Endocarp:
Narrow elongated
cells having parquetry
arrangement.
Fig 87.6
Seed
Testa:
• Single layered.
• Yellowish brown
in colour.
Fig 87.7
Endosperm
• Thick walled.
• Polygonal.
• Cellulosic parenchyma
containing oil globules
(fixed oils).
Fig 87.8
• Aleurone grains and
rosette crystals of calcium
oxalate.
Raphe
• A single ridge of
vascular strands,
appears in the middle
of Commissural
surface.
Fig 87.9
Carpophore
• Very thick walled
Sclerenchyma in
two strands.
Fig 87.10
Chemical constituents
• Volatile oils (4-6%)
1. Anethole - Sweet odour and taste
2. Fenchone - Colorless pungent liquid
and aromatic odour.
• Fixed oils (12-18%)
• Proteins (14-22%)
Uses
• Carminative
• Aromatic
• Respiratory stimulant
• Expectorant
• Flavoring agent
QUIZ
1. Fennel is volatile oil containing fruit crude drug?
Ans: Yes
(or) No
2. Where will be vascular bundles are present in fennel
a) In Endosperm
b) In Testa
c) Under the primary ridges
d) None of the above
3. Where will be the volatile oil present in fennel fruit ?
a) In Endosperm
b) In Vascular bundles
c) In Vttae
d) None of the above
Frequently asked questions
1. Write the monograph of Fennel. (Oct/Nov 2006)
2. Explain the histological study of Fennel.
3. Write the anatomical study of Fennel.
4. Write the Biological source, Family, Morphology of
Fennel. (June 2002 & October 2002)