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Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 22-1 How can this beetle survive in the desert and what is it doing? Fig. Which 22-3 layer would have more recent fossils? Why? Layers of deposited sediment Fig. 22-4 How does this bonsai tree represent why acquired traits cannot be inherited? Fig. 22-7 Why did Darwin represent his thoughts of the history of life as a tree? Approximately when did the most recent ancestor shared by Mamuthus, Asian elephants, and African elephants live? Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Sirenia (Manatees and relatives) Moeritherium Barytherium Deinotherium Mammut Platybelodon Stegodon Mammuthus Elephas maximus (Asia) Loxodonta africana (Africa) Loxodonta cyclotis (Africa) 34 24 Millions of years ago 5.5 2 104 0 Years ago How22-9 Fig. do breeders get such diverse plants from the wild mustard? Terminal bud Lateral buds Cabbage Brussels sprouts Flower clusters Leaves Kale Cauliflower Stem Wild mustard Flowers and stems Broccoli Kohlrabi Fig. 22-10 What is the significance of variation among members in snail population? How22-11 Fig. does this image connect to Malthus’ work on human suffering? Spore cloud How Fig.does 22-12 camouflage help organisms? (a) A flower mantid in Malaysia (b) A stick mantid in Africa What would happen if, after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were returned to the source pool? RESULTS 12 Number of colored spots 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Source Transplanted population population 10 8 6 4 2 0 Source Transplanted population population Fig. 22-1 22-14Why is the percentage of 3TC resistant viruses increasing? 100 Patient No. 1 Patient No. 2 75 50 Patient No. 3 25 0 0 2 4 6 Weeks 8 10 12 What22-16 Fig. role do fossils play in understanding the evolution of whales and other cetaceans? (a) Pakicetus (terrestrial) (b) Rhodocetus (predominantly aquatic) Pelvis and hind limb (c) Dorudon (fully aquatic) Pelvis and hind limb (d) Balaena (recent whale ancestor) Fig. 22-17 Why are these considered homologous structures rather than analogous structures? Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat Fig. 22-18 What do similarities at the embryonic stage suggest? Pharyngeal pouches Post-anal tail Chick embryo (LM) Human embryo Are crocodiles more closely related to lizards or birds? Explain your answer. Branch point (common ancestor) Lungfishes Amphibians 1 Mammals 2 Tetrapod limbs Amnion Lizards and snakes 3 4 Homologous characteristic Crocodiles Ostriches 6 Feathers Hawks and other birds Birds 5 If these Fig. 22-20 two species look so similar, are they descended from a recent common ancestor? What do they have in common then? Sugar glider NORTH AMERICA AUSTRALIA Flying squirrel