Transcript Introductory Psychology Concepts

Introductory Psychology Concepts
Drug Use
Instructor name
Class Title, Term/Semester, Year
Institution
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Drug:
Any substance that alters consciousness.
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Psychoactive Drugs
+ Induce an altered state of consciousness.
+ Affects a person’s
 emotions
 perceptions
 behaviors
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Addictive Drugs
+ Produce dependence
 Biological
 Psychological
+ Withdrawal leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases may
be nearly irresistible.
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Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Stimulants:
Cocaine, Amphetamines
Depressants:
Alcohol, Barbiturates
Narcotics:
Heroin, Morphine
Hallucinogens:
Cannabis, LSD
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines
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Increase neural firing and arouse the nervous system.
Effects
Increased confidence
• Mood elevation
• Sense of energy and alertness
• Decreased appetite
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Insomnia
• Transient drowsiness
• Delayed orgasm
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines
Withdrawal Symptoms
Adverse/Overdose Reactions
Apathy
 General fatigue
 Prolonged sleep and bizarre dreams
 Depression and suicidal thoughts
 Disorientation
 Agitated motor activity
 Irritability
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Elevated blood pressure
• Increased body temperature
• Face picking
• Bizarre and repetitious behavior
• Vivid hallucinations
• Convulsions
• Possible death
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Depressants: Alcohol, Barbiturates
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Decrease nervous system activity.
Effects
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Reduces anxiety
Impulsiveness
Dramatic mood swings
Bizarre thoughts
Suicidal behavior
Slurred speech
Disorientation
Slowed mental and physical functioning
Limited attention span
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Depressants: Alcohol, Barbiturates
Withdrawal Symptoms
Adverse/Overdose Reactions
Weakness
• Restlessness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headaches
• Nightmares
• Irritability
• Depression
• Acute anxiety
• Hallucinations
• Seizures and possible death
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Confusion
• Decreased response to pain
• Shallow respiration
• Dilated pupils
• Weak and rapid pulse
• Coma and possible death
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Narcotics: Heroin, Morphine
Effects
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Anxiety
Pain reduction
Apathy
Euphoria
Difficulty concentrating
Slowed speech
Decreased physical activity
Drooling
Itching
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Nausea
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Narcotics: Heroin, Morphine
Withdrawal Symptoms
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Anxiety and/or panic
Vomiting
Sneezing
Diarrhea
Lower back pain and/or muscle
cramping
Watery eyes, runny nose
Yawning
Irritability
Tremors, chills sweating
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Adverse/Overdose Reactions
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Depressed levels of consciousness
Low blood pressure
Rapid heart rate
Shallow breathing
Convulsions
Coma and possible death
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Hallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD
Effects
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Euphoria
Relaxed inhibitions
Increased appetite
Disorientated behavior
Withdrawal Symptoms
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hyperactivity
Insomnia
Decreased appetite
Anxiety
Depression
Sleeplessness
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Hallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD
Adverse/Overdose Reactions
(Cannabis)
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Panic
Paranoia
Fatigue
Bizarre and dangerous behavior
Decreased testosterone over
long-term
Immune system effects
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Adverse/Overdose Reactions
(LSD)
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Nausea and chills
Increased pulse, temperature and
blood pressure
Slow, deep breathing
Loss of appetite
Insomnia
Bizarre, dangerous behavior
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Hypnosis:
A state of heightened suggestibility in which some people are
able to experience imagined situations as if they were real.
Dissociation Theories of Hypnosis
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Viewing hypnosis as an altered state involving a division
(dissociation) of consciousness.
Social-Cognitive Theories of Hypnosis
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Hypnotic experiences result from expectations of people who are
motivated to take on the role of being hypnotized.
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Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Methods of Quitting Drugs
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Twelve Step Programs
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Group Meetings
Sponsor
Medical Assistance
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Medication
Aversion
Inpatient versus Outpatient Programs
 Conditioning and Cognitive Intervention
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Social Psychological Approach
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Altering environments reduces exposure to and impact of
reinforcers
Awareness of addiction and drugs reduces negative thinking
Interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamics
Increase self esteem to enable better choices
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