Transcript Interpret a (+)HBeAg, anti-HBcAg, and/or anti-HCV test

Group 4
3-C
Marcelo, Pamela – Mendoza, Gracielle
Interpret a (+)HBeAg, anti-HBcAg,
and/or anti-HCV test.
(+) HBeAg
Indicates that virus is replicating & the
infected individual has high levels of HBV
(+) anti-HBcAg
Indicates previous or ongoing infection
with HBV
(+)anti-HCV test
Indicates past or present HCV infection
Laboratory Exams for Muscle
Weakness
Laboratory Exams
Associated Causes of Primary Muscle
Weakness
Electrolyte
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Enzyme Studies
Elevated transaminases and GGT
Creatine Kinase
Elevated
Normal to Elevated
Alcohol
Dermatomyositis, Inclusion body myositis,
Polymyositis, Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Alcohol, Hyperthyroidism, Rheumatoid
Arthritis, SLE
Aaron Saguil..Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacom a, Washington. Vol 71. no 7. 2005.
American Family Physician Website www.aafp.org/afp
Hormone Studies
ACTH assay, ACTH stimulation test
Urine free cortisol, dexamethasone
suppression test,
CRH stimulation test
Elevated T3, T4,
Elevated TSH
Serologic Tests
(+) ANA
Anti- DNA, depressed C3 and C4
elevated RF factor
Adrenal insufficiency
Glucocorticoid excess
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis
SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
CBC, RBC indices --> Anemia
Decreased Vitamin B12
Alcohol
Elevated Myoglobin
Dermatomyositis, Inclusion body myositis,
Polymyositis
Aaron Saguil..Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacom a, Washington. Vol 71. no 7. 2005.
American Family Physician Website www.aafp.org/afp
1990 Criteria For the Classification of
Polyarteritis Nodosa (at least 3)
1. Weight loss of 4 kg or more
2. Livedo reticularis
3. Testicular pain or tenderness
4. Myalgias, weakness or leg tenderness
5. Mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy
6. Diastolic BP >90 mm Hg
7. Elevated BUN or creatinine
8. Hepatitis B virus
9. Arteriographic abnormality
10. Histologic changes in biopsy of small or medium-sized artery
containing PMN
American College of Rheumatology . 1990 Criteria For the Classification of
Polyarteritis Nodosa .
Retrieved Aug 25, 2009 from
http://www.rheumatology.org/publications/classification/polyart.asp .
DRUG
SIDE EFFECT
Lamivudine
Negligible side effects
Interferon
Flu like symptoms, marrow
suppression, autoimmune reactions
(autoimmune thyroiditis) and others
such as alopecia, rashes diarrhea and
numbness and tingling of extremities
Adefovir
Increased creatinine, hematuria,
Weakness, headache, fever, cough,
nausea and vomiting, diarrhea
Pegylated Interferon
flu-like syndrome, headache, fatigue,
myalgia and local reaction at the
injection site
Entacavir
Rashes
Harrison’s Principles of Medicine 17th ed.
The safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: predictive factors for dose reduction and treatment
discontinuation, M. van Zonneveld, et al.
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm175773.htm