Transcript AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1985-90

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY,
1985-90
CHAPTER 33, Section 4
THE FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION
& PROBLEMS IN THIRD WORLD
COUNTRIES
IMPORTANT TERMS
• MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
• I.N.F. TREATY
• GLASNOST
• PERESTROIKA
• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT
STATES
• TIANANMEN SQUARE
• SANDINISTA
• CONTRAS
• OPERATION DESERT STORM
IMPORTANT DATES
• 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES LEADER
•
OF USSR
1989:
– APRIL: TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE
– NOVEMBER: BERLIN WALL OPENED
– DECEMBER: U.S. INVADES PANAMA
• 1990: IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT
• 1991:
– JANUARY: OPERATION DESERT STORM
– DECEMBER: COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT
STATES CREATED – FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION
• Mikhail Gorbachev,
Soviet leader,
1985-91
OPERATION DESERT STORM
DESERT STORM BATTLE PLAN
CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R.
• 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES
SOVIET LEADER
• EFFECT?
– GORBACHEV WANTS TO IMPROVE
RELATIONSHIP W/ THE WEST (U.S.A.)
– TWO BASIC IDEAS:
• GLASNOST – OPENNESS IN DISCUSSING SOCIAL
PROBLEMS
• PERESTROIKA – RESTRUCTURING OF THE
SOVIET GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY
• EXAMPLE? GORBACHEV ALLOWS…
– FREE ELECTIONS
– FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
– LIMITED PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND
CHANGES IN THE U.S.S.R.
• OTHER ACTIONS:
– 1987: SIGNED I.N.F. (INTERMEDIATE RANGE
NUCLEAR FORCES) TREATY W/ U.S.
– DID WHAT?
• REDUCED # OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HAD
• ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHER’S
NUCLEAR STOCKPILES
• FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION:
– NEW FREEDOMS LEAD TO MORE NATIONALISM IN
NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS
– MANY BEGIN TO DELCARE INDPENDENCE
– 1991:
• GORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENT
• 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE
• RESULT? 1991: U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDS
• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
(C.I.S.) TAKES IT’S PLACE
U.S.S.R., Before 1991
DIVISIONS IN THE COMMUNIST
WORLD
• 1988: GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN
•
•
•
•
SATELLITE NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS
DEMOCRACY
THEY DO: EXAMPLE? POLAND ESTABLISHES A
NON-COMMUNIST, CAPITALIST NATION
1989: EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN
WALL
1990: GERMANY RE-UNITED
RESULT?
– SOVIET-DOMINATED E.EUROPE ENDS
– THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS
• Distmantling of
The Berlin Wall
CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
PROBLEMS
• SEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILS
• CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: Always
•
important for U.S. foreign policy / security since
early 20th Century
WHY?
– Location
– Resources: Sugar, fruits, minerals, tobacco
• EXAMPLE?
– Location: Panama – Panama Canal
– Resources: Cuba – Tobacco, Sugar
• SO WHAT? U.S. Gov’t, Military, & businesses had a
large presence there
C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
PROBLEMS
• WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF IT’S
•
INFLUENCE IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED?
HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA:
– Examples?
• 1823: THE MONROE DOCTRINE
• 1903: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
– EXPLAIN
• NEW PROBLEMS:
– 1959: CASTRO’s TAKEOVER OF CUBA – THE COLD WAR
RIVALRY ENTERS THE W. HEMISPHERE
– 1970’s & 80’s: DRUG TRAFFICKING FROM S. AMERICA
USES REGION TO FUNNEL DRUGS TO U.S.
THE COLD WAR & LATIN AMERICA
• COLD WAR RIVALRY JUMPS INTO C. & SOUTH
•
•
•
•
AMERICA
1979: NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR ENDS:
COMMUNIST REBELS WIN
“SANDINISTAS”- NICARAGUAN
COMMUNISTS; AIDED BY SOVIETS & CUBANS
U.S. WORRIED “DOMINO THEORY” TYPE OF
DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA
RESPONSE: U.S. SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST
GOV’Ts. & REBELS IN C. AMERICA
– EXAMPLE? “CONTRAS” – ANTI-COMMUNIST
GUERILLAS FIGHTING AGAINST SANDINISTAS
“SANDINISTAS” ON PATROL
•
DANIEL ORTEGA
AUGUSTO SANDINO
SANDINISTAS IN COMBAT
• That about
covers it ;
Sandinista!,
The Clash,
1980
U.S.-SUPPORTED “CONTRAS”
C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS (cont’d.)
• PANAMA: DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGA
• NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS (mostly
•
Cocaine traffickers) TO USE PANAMA A TRANSIT
POINT FOR DRUGS HEADED TO N. AMERICA
PROBLEM? YES
– U.S. HAS TO REDUCE FLOW OF DRUG TO U.S.
– SECURITY OF PANAMA CANAL A CONCERN
• RESULT?
– 1989: U.S. MILITARY INVADES PANAMA
– NORIEGA CAPTURED BY U.S., TRANSPORTED TO
U.S. FOR PROSECUTION
– NORIEGA CONVICTED OF DRUG SMUGGLING &
IMPRISONED
• Gen. Manuel Noriega,
Dictator of Panama