Transcript Cardiac Tonics

ANTI-MALARIALS
•
CINCHONA
Objectives
On completion of this period you would be
able to know :
The definition of Antimalarials
Monograph of Cinchona
Known to Unknown
1. Do you know any thing about Malaria fever?
2. What type of drug is useful in it?
3. What was the old age remedy for Malaria?
Antimalarials
Definition : Drugs used in Prophylaxis or treatment of
Malaria
Causative organisms:
•
Plasmodium malariae
•
Plasmodium vivax
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Plasmodium ovale
•
Plasmodium falciparum
Symptoms : Shivering, fever and profuse sweating
Causative Organisms
• Causative organism enters into the human body
through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes
• Natural drugs used in the treatment of malaria
• Artimisia annua and Cinchona
CINCHONA
Synonyms : Jesuit’s bark;
Peruvian bark
Botanical Source :
Dried bark of stem or of the roots of
Cinchona calisaya
Cinchona ledgeriana,
Cinchona officinalis,
Cinchona succirubra
Family : Rubiaceae
Fig.52.1 Cinchona plant
Cinchona
Geographical source
:
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Native of South America
•
Cultivated in Indonesia (Java), Zaire,
India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Bolivia,
Columbia, Ecuador, Guatemala
•
Fig.52.2 Cinchona plant
In India in Annamallai hills and Nilgiri
hills in Tamil naidu, Darjeeling of West
Bengal, Karnataka, Assam and Sikkim
Organoleptic Characteristics / Macroscopy
Color :
1. Stem bark – Outer surface is dull brownish-grey to
white.
Inner surface is yellowish-brown to
deep reddish-brown
2. Root bark – Deep reddish-brown color
Odour :
Slight and characteristic
Organoleptic Characteristics / Macroscopy
Shape :
Quills, channeled or flat pieces
Taste :
Intensely bitter and somewhat astringent
Size
30 cm. Long
:
1.5cm to 2 cm in diameter
2 to 8 mm thick
Fracture:
Short
Cinchona
Chemical Constituents :
Contains about 25 alkaloids of which 4 main alkaloids are
•
Quinine
•
Quinidine
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Cinchonine
•
Cinchonidine
Cinchona
Chemical tests:
1. Bark powder when heated in dry test tube with little glacial
Acetic acid. It yields Purple vapour. If treated with
dil. sulphuric acid it gives Blue fluorescence.
1. Drug powder + bromine water + ammonia
Heat
Emerald
green
Cinchona
Uses : Antimalarial and Antipyretic
Bitter tonic and Stomachic
Cradiac depressant
Used in Rheumatism and Neuralgia
Substitutes of Cinchona:
1. Cuprea bark : Obtained from the stems of
Remijia pendunculata,
2. False Cuprea bark: Obtained from
Remijia purdiena
Summary
In this class we learnt about :
•
Antimalarial drug Cinchona, its source, Morphology
•
Cinchona contains 4 important alkaloids namely
Quinine, Quinidine, Cinchonine and Cinchonidine.
•
It is widely used as Antimalarial and antipyretic
Quiz
1. Cinchona belongs to the family
a. Scrophulariaceae
b. Leguminosae
c. Rubiaceae
d. Rosaceae
Quiz
2. Main chemical constituents present in
Cinchona
a. Alkaloids
b. Tannins
c. Glycosides
d. Resins
Quiz
3. Cinchona used as
a. Oxytocic
b. Antimalarial
c. Antihypertensive
d. Antiseptic
Frequently asked Questions
1. Write the uses and constituents of Cinchona
2. Write the monograph of Cinchona
3. What are Antimalarials? Give an account on
Cinchona