Transcript Medication Orders

Chapter 32
Oral Medications
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Question
• Is the following statement true or false?
An advanced practice nurse can write a
medication order.
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Answer
True.
An advanced practice nurse can write a
medication order if legally designated to
do so by state statutes.
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Medication Orders
• Lists the drug name and directions for its
administration
• Written on client’s medical records
• Written by medical personnel, physician’s
assistant, or advanced practice nurse
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Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Components of medication orders
– Drug name: trade name
– Drug dose: the amount of drug to
administer, prescribed using the relevant
system of measurement
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Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Route of administration: how the drug is
given
– Oral, topical, inhalant, or parenteral route
• Frequency of administration: how often and
how regularly the medication is to be given
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Question
• The standard abbreviation for writing
twice a day is?
a. q.d.
b. q.o.d.
c. b.i.d.
d. t.i.d.
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Answer
c. b.i.d.
The standard abbreviation for writing twice a
day is b.i.d.; q.d. stands for everyday, q.o.d.
for every other day, and t.i.d. for three times
a day.
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Question
• Which of the following is the most common
route to administer medication?
a. Oral
b. Topical
c. Inhalant
d. Parenteral
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Answer
a. Oral
The oral route is the most common route to
administer medication. The topical route is
used for skin application, inhalant for
aerosol, and parenteral for injection.
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Medication Orders (cont’d)
• Verbal orders: instructions for client care
that are given during face-to-face
conversations
• Telephone orders: obtained from a
physician during a telephone conversation
• Documented in the medication
administration record
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Methods of Supplying Medications
• Storing medications: medications remain
locked until the drugs are administered
• Accounting for narcotics: federal laws
regulate their possession and administration;
nurses are responsible for an accurate
account of their use and must keep a record
of each narcotic used from the stock supply
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Methods of Supplying Medications
(cont’d)
• Ways to supply drugs:
– Individual supply
– Unit dose supply
– Stock supply
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Medication Administration
• Applying the 5 rights safeguards against
medication errors
• Calculating dosages is one of the 5 rights
• Oral medications are prepared and taken to
the client’s bedside in a paper or plastic cup
for administration
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Drug Calculation Formula
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Preparing Medications Safely
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Taking Medications
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Medication Administration (cont’d)
• Oral medications are administered by enteral
tube if client cannot swallow them
• Documentation is required on medication
administration record
• Nurses are ethically and legally responsible
for reporting medication errors
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Nursing Implications
• Nursing diagnoses
– Deficient knowledge
– Risk for aspiration
– Ineffective therapeutic regimen
management
– Ineffective health maintenance
– Noncompliance
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General Gerontologic Considerations
• The body constitution affects the way
medications work
• The chemical properties of the medication
determine the degree to which these agerelated changes influence medication actions
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General Gerontologic Considerations
(cont’d)
• Polypharmacy in older adults increases the
risk for drug interactions and adverse
medication reactions
• Taking more than one medication can cause
mental changes
• Enteric-coated medications should never be
crushed
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