Transcript successful program

Javier Leung and Kassy Tyler
University of West Florida
Educational Statistics III
Dr. Carla Thompson
Outline
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Introduction
Purpose Statement
Therapeutic Community
Pathways for Change
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Research Design
Methodology
Results
Recommendations
Introduction
 The United States has 5% of the world’s population
and 25% of the world’s inmate population.
 Pathways for Change (PFC) has created a program to
effectively reduce recidivism one inmate at a time.
 Inmates are immersed into a Therapeutic Community
to learn basic life skills, rebuild self -esteem and
develop habits to become productive citizens.
 Objective: to take personal responsibility and remove
inmates’ dependency on drugs.
Purpose Statement
 Substance abuse has been
Reduce
found to be a factor in
criminal
behavior
recidivism.
 TC’s provide a 24-hour–per
day peer group community.
 The 18-month therapeutic
community program is
Reintegration
Reduce drug
into
society
use
offered to non-violent
offenders with chemical
dependency.
 The purpose of this study is to identify factors which
contribute to successful completion of the Pathways for
Change program.
Therapeutic Community
 These communities are defined as a “drug free
residential treatment setting that uses a hierarchical
model of peer influence” (NIDA, 2008).
 Governed by a strict set of rules monitored by peers
who serve as key change agents
 In a 2000 report from the New York State Commission
on drugs and the courts, retention rates of up to 70%
were found at the one year mark for substance abusers
when given a choice to enter a TC.
Pathways for Change
 A faith-based therapeutic community
 An alternative sentencing option for non-violent
offenders with substance dependency.
 Inmates are taught to break the cycle of destructive
behavior following the three phase program:
Intensive
classwork
Community
service
Vocational
training or
employment
Pathways for Change
continued
 New pro-social skills through modeling, peers,
practice and reinforcement is one of the treatment
principles found by the NIC ( 2005).
 TC follows a model of treatment stages that
incrementally increases an inmate’s level of personal
and social responsibility (NIDA, 2002).
 Inmates may be released back to detention for noncompliance, abusive behavior, substance abuse and
other anti-social actions.
Pathways for Change
continued
 PFC employs a very limited staff and does not have a
dedicated fund raising professional.
 As a department of Baptist Health Care it is also
limited to seeking funding through sources which are
not of interest to the local hospital’s development
efforts.
 Future grant proposals showing results of the program
will help in funding activities.
Research Questions
 Which factors indicate a relationship in successful
program completion for offenders who enter the PFC
program?
 Which intervention factors contribute to successful
program completion?
 Data available: 1)clients’ ability to read and write,
2)choice to enter the treatment program,
3)prescription drug use, 4)chemicals of dependency,
5)employment and 6)marital status.
Hypotheses
1
H0 There is no relationship between court mandated admission and
non-court mandated admission to the PFC program in regard to
successful program completion.
H1 There is a relationship between court mandated admission and noncourt mandated admission to the PFC program in regard to successful
program completion.
2
H0 There is no relationship between income and successful program
completion for clients in the PFC program.
H1 There is a relationship between income and successful program
completion for clients in the PFC program.
Hypotheses
3
H0 There is no relationship between prescription drug usage and
successful program completion for clients in the PFC program.
H1 There is a relationship between prescription drug usage and successful
program completion for clients in the PFC program.
4
H0 There is a relationship between clients’ ability to read/write and the
length of time to successfully complete the PFC program.
H1 There is no relationship between clients’ ability to read/write and the
length of time to successfully complete the PFC program.
Hypotheses
5
H0 There is a relationship between employment prior to incarceration
and successful program completion for clients in the PFC program.
H1 There is no relationship between employment prior to incarceration
and successful program completion for clients in the PFC program.
Research Design
 Action research design for analyzing documents
provided by the program director.
 Variables of interest/funding: demographics,
recidivism, drug abuse, medication usage and family
and employment status at the time a client is
admitted.
 The team noted inconsistency in the coding of
dichotomous variables.
 Recoding all variables for consistency.
Research Design
 Additional documentation requested to fill gaps in the
data.
 For analysis purposes, both male and female databases
were combined.
 Additional variables based on literature: length of
time in the program, prescription drug use, graduation
status and gender.
 Quantitative analyses using chi square and
discriminant function analysis were performed.
Results
 Significant Chi-Squares
Prescription Drugs and Graduation
chi square value of 18.250 (X2 =18.250, p =.00, p < .05)
Court Mandated and Graduation
chi square value of 9.738 (X2 =9.738 p = .008, p <.05)
Employed Prior Incarceration
chi square value of 7.528 (X2 =7.528 p = .023, p < .05)
Results
 Non significant Chi Squares
Ability to write/read and graduation
chi square value of 3.621 (X2 =3.621, p = .164, p < .05)
Participating in Court Mandated Program
chi square value of 4.575 (X2 =4.575, p = .102, p < .05)
 Non significant Discriminant Analysis
Income and Length of Program with Graduates and Non Graduates
Wilk’s lambda was not significant-A=0.713, X2 (2, N= 15) = 4.061, p <0.001.
Results of Interventions
 Significant Chi Squares
Chemical Dependency Class
chi square value of 22.355 (X2 =22.355 p = .00, p < .05)
Foundations of Living
chi square value of 20.166 (X2 =20.166 p = .00, p < .05)
Business Technology
chi square value of 22.070 (X2 =22.070 p = .00, p < .05)
Vocational Rehabilitation
chi square value of 11.657 (X2 =11.657 p = .003, p < .05)
AA Support
chi square value of 18.433 (X2 =18.433 p = .00, p < .05)
Results of Interventions
 Non significant Chi Squares
Social Service Programming
chi square value of 1.449 (X2 =1.449 p = .485, p < .05)
Vocational Technical Training Program
chi square value of 1.248 (X2 =1.248 p = .536, p < .05)
Voluntary Involvement with PFC
chi square value of 4.028 (X2 =4.028 p = .133, p < .05)
Skills in Carpentry
chi square value of 2.098 (X2 =2.098 p = .350, p < .05)
Recommendations
 A single feature of a
program or an
intervention does not
reduce recidivism,
however a unification of
principles contribute to
successful reintegration
(NIC, 2005).
Risk
assessment
Target
interventions
Recommendations
 The mixture of client composition, staff experience,
program age, size, resources, and leadership style in
the management of TCs provide individual change as a
part of the global impact of community life” (De Leon ,
(2000), p. 9).
 Researchers and stakeholders need to understand how
a convergence of interventions in treatment programs,
skill training for staff, and evaluation of services
delivered, influence participants’ behavioral changes
and development of social skills.
Recommendations
 Future research endeavors must keep in mind that the
effectiveness of the program depends on:
 Clearly articulated program
 An understandable statement of goals and outcomes
 A rational connection between goals and outcomes
(Rutman, 1977).