Transcript STRESS AND DEPRESSION

STRESS AND DEPRESSION
What is Stress?
Definition:Stress is the emotional, physical
and mental strain caused by our response to
pressures from the outside world.
Physiology of stress
THE FIGHT -FLIGHT RESPONSE:
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenalin Cortex:
Cortisol: maintains BP
and glucose levels
Adrenal Medulla: Adrenalin: Increases
bloodflow, HR,
Glucose levels
Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyP8L3qTW9Q
Some Facts
 75-90% of adult visits to primary care
physicians are for stress related
problems.
 The commonest problems world-wide
are a mixture of anxiety and
depression.
Causes
Major life changes
Work
Relationship difficulties
Financial problems
Being too busy
Children and family
Symptoms
[3]
Mind and Body relationship
STRESS LEADS TO MANY OTHER PROBLEMS
TREATMENT
 COUNSELLING:
a) Talking therapy

a)
b)
c)
d)
MEDICATION:
sedatives, which help you to relax and calm you down,
antihistamines, which help to relax your brain,
certain types of antidepressants, and
beta blockers.

a)
b)
c)
STRESS MANAGMENT:
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT),
talking treatments
specific anger management.
Prevention
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Relaxation
Regular exercise
Eating right.
Avoid chemicals: alcohol and drugs
DEPRESSION
Definition: A mental disorder that presents with depressed
mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or
low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy,
and poor concentration especially when this lasts for a
long period of time (WHO)[4]
..FACTS
[4]
 Depression is common, affecting about 121 million people
worldwide.
 Depression is among the leading causes of disability
worldwide.
 Depression can be reliably diagnosed and treated in
primary care.
 Fewer than 25 % of those affected have access to effective
treatments.
 Women are almost twice as likely to become depressed as
men. The higher risk may be due partly to hormonal
changes brought on by puberty, menstruation,
menopause, and pregnancy.
Depression: Causes and Risk
factors
• Loneliness
• Lack of social support
• Recent stressful life
experiences
• Family history of
depression
• Marital or relationship
problems
• Financial strain
• Early childhood trauma
or abuse
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Unemployment or
underemployment
Signs and Symptoms
TREATMENT
Cognitive behavioural
therapy (CBT)
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Counselling
Antidepressants
Sources
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
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[1] http://www.timethoughts.com/stress/definition-of-stress.htm
[2] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stress/Pages/Introduction.aspx
[3] http://helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm
[4]
http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/defini
tion/en/
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Depression/Pages/Introduction.asp
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