Transcript Central Stimulants

Central Stimulants
GAO Fen-Fei
Central Stimulants
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Classification:
1.
2.
Cerebral cortex stimulants: caffeine(咖啡因),
theophylline(茶碱), theobromine(可可碱)
medulla oblongata(延髓) respiratory center
stimulants: nikethamide(尼克刹米), dimefline(二
甲弗林;回苏灵)
3.
spinal cord(脊髓) stimulants: strychnine(士的宁;
马钱子)
Nikethamide
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Metabolite is coramine(可拉明).
Mechanism of Action:
Direct stimulation of respiratory center
 Reflex stimulation of respiratory center by
stimulating chemoceptor of carotid body(颈动脉体).
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Clinical Use:
Central respiratory depression.
 Effective in treatment central respiratory
depression by morphine, but bad effect by
barbiturates.
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Adverse Reaction:
Little. Margin of safety is relatively big.
 Convulsion in high dose.
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Dimefline
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Pharmacological Effect:
Direct stimulation of respiratory center
 Improvement of respiration, increasing pulmonary
ventilation.
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Adverse Reaction:
Convulsion in high dose.
 Stimulation of spinal cord(脊髓), cautious when
Poisoning by morphine.
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Lobeline
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Reflex stimulation of respiratory center by
stimulating chemoceptor of carotid body(颈动脉
体) and aortic body(主动脉体).
Action is transient, convulsion is rare.
Treatment of neonatal asphyxia(新生儿窒息),
CO poisoning.
Cautions
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Selection is bad, margin of safety is small.
Treatment dose is near to the dose of causing
convulsion.
Action is transient. Repeated administration of
drug is easy to cause convulsion.
Administration is limited to short-term
treatment.
Breathing apparatus is used to maintain
respiration in clinical.