Transcript The Use and Abuse of Psychoactive Drugs

The Use and Abuse of
Psychoactive Drugs
Chapter 9
Addictive Behavior
 Habits that have gotten out of control, with a
resulting negative effect on a persons health.
 Characteristics between a habit and an addiction
Reinforcement
Compulsion or Craving
Loss of Control
Escalation
Negative Consequences
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Development of an Addictive
Behavior
 Harmless or even beneficial if done in
moderation
 Characteristics of the additive behavior
 Common behaviors
 Addictions with shared characteristics
 Compulsive or pathological
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Examples of Additive Behaviors
 Compulsion or Pathological Gambling
 Sex and Love addiction
 Compulsive spending or shopping
 Internet addiction
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Drug use, Abuse and
Dependence
 The Drug Tradition
Drug abuse and Dependence
APA - substance = Drug, Substance dependence =
addiction
Involves
Abuse of substance without physically dependent
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Drug Dependence
 Substance dependence
1. Developing tolerance
2. Experiencing withdrawal
3. Taking in larger amounts
4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down
5. Spending great deal of time obtaining
6. Giving up or reducing important activities
7. Continual usage even with recognition of a problem
8. Diagnosed with at least 3 or more symptoms
9. Experience tolerance or withdrawal without being considered
dependent
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Reasons for Drug Use
 Who uses drugs?
 Young people are drawn
 Experiment
 Escape
 Reliance
 Magnification of residence
 Why do people use drugs?
 Risk factors for Dependence
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Four Categories of Factors Determine
How a Drug Will Affect the Body
1.
2.
Brain chemistry
Drug factor:
Pharmacological properties
Dose-Response function
Time-action function
Drug use history
Method of use
3.
4.
User Factor
Social Factors
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Opiods (narcotics)
Natural or synthetic
Methods of administration
Induce euphoria
Symptoms of overdose
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Central Nervous System Depressants
Sedative-hypnotics
Effects on the body
Types
Effects
Medical uses
From use to abuse
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Central Nervous System Stimulants
Cocaine
– Methods of use
– Effects
– Abuse and Dependence
– Use during pregnancy
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Central Nervous System Stimulants
Amphetamines
– Effects
– From use to abuse
– Dependence
Ritalin
Ephedrine
Caffeine
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Marijuana
Cannabis Sativa
THC
Short term effects and uses
Long-term effects and uses
Dependence
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Hallucinogens
LSD, Mascaline, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, and PCP
Synesthia
Altered state of consciousness
Flashbacks
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Psychoactive Drugs
 Inhalants
Volatile solvents
Nitrates
Anesthetics
Methods of use
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Drug Use: The Decades Ahead
 Drug research
 Drug costs on society
financially and human suffering
 Legalization
 Drug Testing
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Signs of Drug Dependence
 Withdrawal
 Rebellious
 Loss of interest
 Decline in school performance
 Change in friends
 Change in sleep patterns
 Money issues
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Professional Treatment
Programs
 Drug substitution
 Treatment centers
 Self-help groups and peer counseling
 Codependency
 Prevention
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Role of Drugs in Your Life
 Issues to Consider
 What to do instead of drugs.
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