Transcript Psychoactive Drugs - Ms. Fluty`s Class Website

Warm-Up
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Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We talked
about marijuana, steroids and inhalants.
Among all that we learned, what most
surprised you? Do you think knowing this
will keep you from using the drug OR if you
have used it will this make you stop?
How do you think we can decrease the
number of teenagers who use these illegal
drugs?
Psychoactive Drugs
Lesson 20
Objectives
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Identify various classes of drugs
Identify the effects of the various
classes on the mind and body
Psychoactive Drugs
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Chemicals that affect the central nervous
system and alter activity to the brain
– Change the functioning of the central nervous
system (CNS)
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The CNS is an amazingly complex part of
the body
– Includes the brain and spinal cord
– EVERY form of activity, from bending a finger to
solving abstract problems, involves the CNS
Classification
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Stimulants
Depressants
Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
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Drugs that speed up the central nervous system
Some foods contain small amounts of stimulants
– Coffee, tea and soda contain caffeine
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Nicotine in tobacco products is a stimulant
Some stimulants have medical uses, although many
are used illegally
Most dangerous illegal stimulants
– Cocaine
– Amphetamines
– methamphetamines
Cocaine
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White powder extracted from the
leaves of the coca plant
Highly addictive
Users experience a euphoria
– A feeling of intense well-being or elation
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Effects can last from 20 minutes to
several hours
Effects of Cocaine
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Depression
Fatigue
Paranoia
Physiological dependence
Malnutrition
Cardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENS
Collapse of the nasal septum
Risk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injecting
Overdose
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Cardiac arrest
Respiratory failure
Seizures
Death
Crack
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Even more dangerous from of cocaine,
because it is a very pure form of cocaine
– “crack cocaine”
– “rock”
– “freebase rock”
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Reaches the brain in seconds
One of the MOST DEADLY drugs available
Effects of Crack
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Quickly after ingested heart rate and blood
pressure soar to dangerous levels
– Death can result from cardiovascular or
respiratory failure
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Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely
dangerous
– Substances combined in the liver increasing the
risk of death from liver failure
Amphetamines
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Used in prescription medication to
reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to
suppress the appetite
Some people use them illegally to stay
away and alert, improve athletic
performance and to lose weight
Easily developed tolerance
Effects of Amphetamines
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Twitching
Irregular heartbeat
Paranoia
Heart damage
Blood vessel damage
Methamphetamine
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“Meth”
Stimulant used in treating certain diseases,
including Parkinson’s and obesity
White odorless powder that easily dissolves in
alcohol or water
Readily available because it is produced in makeshift labs
Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club drugs’
often associated with all night parties called raves
Provides a short term feeling of euphoria
Effects of Meth Use
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Depression
Paranoia
Damage to the CHS
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Damage to brain cells
Death
Depressants
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Drugs that tend to slow down the CNS
Relax muscles
Relive feelings of tension and worry
Cause drowsiness
Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, interrupt
normal rate of breathing
Most common depressant is alcohol
2 common sedative medications
– Barbiturates
– Tranquilizers
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Other Widely used depressants
– Rohypnol
– GHB
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Combing depressant produces a synergistic effect
– Could cause shallow breathing, weak and rapid pulse,
coma and death
Barbiturates
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Sedative-hypnotic drug
– Induce sleepiness
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Effects
– mood changes
– Sleeping more than normal
– Coma
– Rarely used for medical purposes
– Combining with alcohol can be fatal
Tranquilizers
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Reduce muscular activity, coordination and
attention span
Prescribed to relieve
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anxiety
Muscle spasms
Sleeplessness
Nervousness
When overused physiological and
psychological dependence occurs
Withdrawal causes sever shaking and
extreme cases coma or death
Rohypnol
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“date rape drug”
Widely available club drug
Comes in tablet form and looks like aspirin
Ten times stronger than tranquilizers
Dissolves in carbonated beverages, making
it easy to slip into a drink
Victim wakes up hours later with no
recollection of what has happened
GHB
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Gammahydroxy Butric Acid
Also used in date rape crimes
Available as a clear liquid, white powder and
a variety of tablets
Easily to overdose on
Leaves the blood relatively quickly, making it
hard for emergency room personnel to
determine that it has been ingested
Narcotics
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Specific drugs derived from the opium plant
that are available only be prescription and
are used to relieve pain
relieve pain by blocking pain messengers in
the brain
Examples of prescribed narcotics
– Morphine
– OxyContin
– Codeine
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Heroin is an illegal narcotic
Effects of Narcotics
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Euphoria
Drowsiness
Constipation
Pinpoint pupils
Slow and shallow breathing
Convulsions
Coma
Death
Highly addictive
– Pharmacies must keep records of all sales of
these drugs
Heroin
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Processed form of morphine
Injected, snorted, smoked
Effects
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Infection of the heart lining and valves
Liver infection
Coma
Death
Fetal death if a user is pregnant
Increased risk of pneumonia, HIV, and hepatitis
B if needles are shared
Hallucinogens
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Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense
perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch
No medical use
Overload sensory controls in the brain causing the
brain to intensify sensation and create hallucinations
Impair judgment
Increase heart rate and respiration
Altered mental state can last from several hour to
several day
Extremely unpredictable effects
Users sometime harm themselves or demonstrate
other violent behaviors
Common hallucinogens
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PCP (Phencyclidine)
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Ketamine
ecstasy
PCP
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One of the most dangerous drugs of all
Effects vary greatly from user to user
Distorted sense of time and space
Increased muscular strength
Inability to feel pain
Overdoses can cause death, but most PCP
deaths are caused by the destructive
behavior the drug produces
Flashbacks
– Causing panic, confusion and lack of control
LSD
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Extremely strong hallucinogen
Effects
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Convulsions
Coma
Hear failure
Lung failure
Death
Range of emotions
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Euphoria to deep depression
– Flashbacks can involve a frightening range of
emotions long after the actual use of the drug
Ketamine
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Anesthetic
– Used for medical purposes mostly in treating animals
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Club drug
Sold as a white powder to be snorted or injected
Also smoked with marijuana or tobacco
Effects
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Hallucinations
Dreamlike states
Respiratory failure
death
Ecstasy
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“designer drug”
– Synthetic substances meant to imitate the
effects of hallucinogens and other
dangerous drugs
– Vary greatly in potency and strength
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Combination of a stimulant and a
hallucinogen
Effects of Ecstasy
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Short term feeling
of euphoria
Confusion
Depression
Paranoia
Psychosis
Long term damage
to brain cells
Overdose
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Tremors
Paralysis
Irreversible brain
damage
Temperature
increase
Muscle breakdown
Kidney failure
Cardiovascular
system damage
Figure 23.4 pg 604
Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs
Figure 23.4 pg 604 continued
Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs
 Drugs
affect all 3 sides of your
health triangle
 There are NO benefits from
using illegal drugs
 Choosing to be drug free is
one of the MOST IMPORTANT
decision you can make to
protect your health
Real People, Real Stories
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Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s
website to read
Answer the following questions:
– 1. What drug was abused?
– 2. What most surprised you about the story?
– 3. What short term effects did the drugs have on
the people in the story?
– 4. What long term effects of drug abuse did the
person exhibit?
– 5. If one of your friends was using the drug
abused in your story what would you tell
him/her?