Transcript Intermittent Preventive Malaria Treatment

Malaria
MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing
Background
• An estimated 350-500 million clinical malaria
cases and more than one million malaria deaths
occur each year, with 90% of these deaths in
Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Repeated episodes of fever and anemia take a toll
on a child’s mental and physical development impairing their education and their growth into
productive adults.
• Pregnant women and their unborn children are
also particularly vulnerable to malaria, which is a
major cause of low birth weight, anemia and
infant death.
International Goals & Targets
Have halted
and begun to reverse
the incidence of malaria
and other major
diseases
Reduce by one half
the burden of disease
associated with malaria
and ensure that 60%
of all people
at risk of malaria,
especially children and
women, sleep under
insecticide-treated bednets
List of Indicators
• Household availability of ITNs or any net
• Children under five sleeping under an ITN
• Malaria treatment for children under five
• Intermittent preventive malaria treatment
Definition of Indicators
Household Availability of ITNs or Any Net
Percentage of households with at least one
insecticide-treated net (or any net)
Numerator:
Number of households with at least one mosquito net,
either permanently treated or treated within the previous
12 months (or any net)
Denominator:
Number of households surveyed
Tabulation Plan
Table CH.10: Availability of ITNs
Definition of Indicators
Children Under-Five Sleeping Under ITNs
Percentage of children under five sleeping
under an insecticide-treated net
Numerator:
Number of children aged 0-59 months that slept under and
insecticide-treated net the previous night
Denominator:
Number of children aged 0-59 months surveyed
Definition of Indicators
Malaria Treatment in Children Under-Five
Percentage of children under five with reported
fever receiving antimalarials
Numerator:
Number of children aged 0-59 months reported to have
fever in the 2 weeks prior to the survey that were treated
with an appropriate antimalarial within 24 hours of onset
of symptoms
Denominator:
Number of children aged 0-59 months surveyed that were
reported to have fever in the 2 weeks prior to the survey
Methodological Issues
• Insecticide-treated nets include a mosquito net,
either permanently treated or treated within the
previous 12 months
Tabulation Plan
Table CH.11: Children sleeping under bednets
ITN Use
Malawi
Lao PDR
Viet Nam
Gambia
Tanzania
Comoros
Mali
Timor-Leste
Guinea-Bissau
Benin
Zambia
Niger
Guyana
Rwanda
Kenya
Mauritania
Guinea
Ghana
Côte d'Ivoire
Eritrea
Suriname
Namibia
Togo
Sierra Leone
Senegal
CAR
Burkina Faso
Angola
Tajikistan
Nigeria
Eq. Guinea
Congo, Dem Rep
Chad
Cameroon
Guatemala
Colombia
Burundi
Azerbaijan
Sudan
Uganda
Swaziland
Somalia
36
18
16
15
% children aged
0-59 months
sleeping under
an ITN
10
9
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Methodological Issues
• Appropriate antimalarial treatment includes
SP/Fansidar, Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, Quinine,
Artemisinin-based combinations or other
antimalarials (not paracetamol, aspirin or ibuprofen)
given same day or next day
• Comparability issue since most surveys did not
consider timing of anti-malarial treatment.
• Growing resistance to Chloroquine and SP/Fansidar
treatment in some areas, which reduces the
effectiveness of those drugs.
• Changes in drug policies for anti-malarial treatment.
Methodological Issues
Methodological Issues
• Percentages given various antimalarials will not
add to 100 since children may have been given
more than one type of drug
• Use of GPS (geocoding) to identify malarious
parts of countries.
Methodological Issues
• Issue of timing of antimalarial treatment:
any time v. same day/next day
Tabulation Plan (Antimalarials)
Antimalarial Use
69
69
66
63
63
63
61
60
60
58
58
56
55
52
50
50
49
48
47
45
CAR
Tajikistan
Cameroon
Comoros
Ghana
Angola
Sierra Leone
Benin
Togo
Tanzania
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Gambia
Zambia
Burkina Faso
Sudan
Eq. Guinea
Niger
Timor-Leste
Congo, Dem
Mali
Senegal
Madagascar
Nigeria
Mauritania
Malawi
Chad
Burundi
Kenya
Swaziland
Somalia
Mozambique
Namibia
Rwanda
Haiti
Lao PDR
Viet Nam
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Guyana
Nicaragua
Indonesia
Azerbaijan
% children aged
0-59 months
with fever
receiving
antimalarials
38
36
34
34
33
32
32
31
27
26
19
15
14
13
12
9
7
4
3
3
2
1
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
Definition of Indicators
Intermittent Preventive Malaria Treatment
Percentage of pregnant women receiving
intermittent preventive malaria treatment (IPT)
Numerator:
Number of women receiving appropriate intermittent
medication to prevent malaria (defined as at least 2 doses
of SP/Fansidar) during the last pregnancy leading to a live
birth within the 2 years prior to the survey
Denominator:
Number of women who have had a live birth within the 2
years prior to the survey
Methodological Issues
• Note that if the percentage of pregnant
women receiving SP/Fansidar an unknown
number of times is less than 1% this
column may be omitted from the table
Tabulation Plan
CH.13: Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria