Transcript Chapter Seven

Chapter Seven
Making Decisions About
Drug Use
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Effects of Drugs on the CNS
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Neuron – brain cell
Dendrite – portion of neuron that
receives electrical stimuli
Axon – portion of neuron that
conducts electrical impulse from
dendrite
Synapse – location of reception site
between axon of neuron and
dendrite from another
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
The Process of Addiction
• Exposure: introduced to the drug that
is considered pleasurable
• Compulsion: time, energy, and money
are spent to pursue the behavior.
Normal behavior has already
degenerated
• Loss of Control: addicted people lose
the ability to control their behavior;
results in addiction to more than one
drug or behavior
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Drug Terminology
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Drug: substance other than food that
will alter function
Psychoactive drug: a drug that alters
moods or feelings
Dependence: the need to continue to
use a drug for psychological or
physical reasons
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Drug Terminology (cont’d)
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Tolerance: acquired result of diminished
effects from prolonged use
Withdrawal: response of body to regain
normality without drug in the system
Drug misuse: unintentional inappropriate
use of drugs
Drug abuse: intentional inappropriate use
of drugs
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
4 Methods of
Drug Administration
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ingestion
Injection
Inhalation
Absorption
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Drug Classifications
1.
2.
3.
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
4.
5.
6.
Narcotics
Cannabis
Inhalants
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Stimulants
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Function: elevate CNS
Examples: caffeine, amphetamines,
cocaine,crack, ephedra, ritalin,
adderall
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Depressants
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Function: slows down the CNS
Examples: barbiturates,
tranquilizers, alcohol
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Hallucinogens
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Function: distort reality, produce
hallucinations
Examples: LSD, PCP
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Cannabis
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Function: produces a variety of
effects
Examples: marijuana, hashish,
active ingredient tetra hydro
cannabinol (THC)
Chronic abuse may lead to an amotivational
syndrome
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Narcotics
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Function: relieve pain
Examples: opium, heroin,
morphine, demerol, oxycontin
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Inhalants
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Function: unpredictable, drunk-like
effects
Examples: household products and
solvents
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Combination Drug Effects
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Synergistic: exaggerates each
drug effects
Additive: totals just the sum of
each drug
Potentiated: intensifies second
drug
Antagonistic: reduces effect of
another drug
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Society’s Response to
Drug Use
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Development of anti-drug
organizations
Famous personalities are used
discourage use of drugs
Starting drug education earlier in
grade school (pre-school levels)
Decrease of gateway drug exposure
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Drug Treatment
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Treatment programs via direct
confrontation
Trained drug counselors
Private clinics or hospital setting
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Chapter Seven
Making Decisions About Drug Use
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.