Transcript 5.11 B_4 2Nov07 PPT_Ludek Sisak

Socio-Economic Importance of Main Non-Wood Forest
Products Collection and Use for Inhabitants
in the Czech Republic
Ludek Sisak
Faculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Wood Sciences
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
 Introduction
 Socio-economic essence of NWFP collection in the CR
 Methods
 Results
 Conclusions
Socio-economic essence of NWFP collection in the CR
 NWFP picked intensively from medieval times.
 Edible mushrooms, forest berries, medicinal (drug) plants,
fuelwood.
 Entrance to forests in all kinds of ownership generally
unrestricted, free of charge (only some exceptions).
 Now: All forest stands accessible to people, they can pick
enumerated forest products free of charge, irrespective of kind of
forest ownership.
 Article 19 of the latest Forest Act No. 289 from 1995:
“Individuals are entitled to enter the forest at their own risk, and to
collect for their own needs any forest fruits and dry wastewood
lying on the ground“.
 Collection of NWFP ranked among the externalities.
 Double socio-economic nature:
 tangible,
 intangible – part of the recreational functions of forests.
 NWFP:
 a substitute for similar agricultural products,
 little part marketed in the CR,
 greater part consumed in the forest visitors’ own households.
 The importance of NWFP picking expressed simultaneously in the
frame of the :
 market or „shadow market“ (production) function,
 in the frame of the non-market (recreational) function.
 The present Forest Act does not:
 treat the possibility of planned production and harvest of the
NWFP by forest owners and tenants,
 protect such forest producers against pickers of commercially
produced NWFP.
 NWFP can be produced commercially and then marketed by forest
owners, tenants and businessmen.
 NWFP – alternative production to agricultural production,
produced without any chemical means.
 Forest management not only for timber production but also for the
production of NWFP a kind of „agroforestry“ even under
conditions of temperate zone developed forestry.
 Such conception of forest management could increase:
 the attraction, flexibility, stability and sustainability of forestry,
 production and incomes possibilities in rural areas.
Methods
 Investigations of the importance of NWFP started in
1994 and continued to 2006.
 The quantity and quality of data collected and
processed depended on financial means.
 The following main kinds of NWFP surveyed:
 mushrooms without species specification,
 bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.),
 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.),
 blackberry (Rubus fruticossus L.),
 elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)
 cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.).
Different methods used
 Analysis of relevant materials and publications;
 Questionnaire surveys representative samples of
inhabitants of the CR (personal interviews);
 Questionnaire survey foresters of all forest districts
of the State Enterprise "Forests of the Czech
Republic" (mail contacts);
 Field monitoring of occurrence and of biological
yield of bilberry;
 Analysis of data on area of bilberry and cranberry,
using forest management plans, in 1994 - 1996.
Results
 NWFP collection: 2nd place among the main reasons
for visiting forests, with 29% share,
(short term relaxation took 1st place, with 42.5%).
 2/3 of inhabitants and 4/5 of households collected
NWFP :
 mushrooms picked by more than 70% of households,
 bilberries by almost 50%,
 raspberries by almost 30%,
 blackberries by more than 20%,
 elderberries by 15%,
 cranberries by 8% of households.
Amount of collected main NWFP (kg/household) in the
CR in 2002-2006
Years
NWFP
Mushr.
Bilb.
Rasp.
Black. Cowb.
Elder.
Total
2002
5.55
2.84
0.94
0.56
0.24
0.55
10.68
2003
3.52
1.70
0.68
0.52
0.09
0.37
6.88
2004
4.30
1.91
0.67
0.47
0.57
0.43
8.35
2005
6.12
2.39
0.80
0.41
0.25
0.42
10.39
2006
8.17
2.96
0.92
0.49
0.32
0.41
13.27
Aver.
5.53
2.36
0.80
0.49
0.29
0.44
9.91
Amount of collected main NWFP in the CR
(kg/household) in 1994–2006
16
14
kg/household
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1994
1996
1998
2000
years
2002
2004
2006
Total amount of collected NWFP in the CR
(mil. kg) in 1994–2006
60
50
mil. kg
40
30
20
10
0
1994
1996
1998
2000
years
2002
2004
2006
Amount of collected NWFP (mil. CZK) in 1994–2006
4 500
4 000
3 500
mil. CZK
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1994
1996
1998
2000
years
2002
2004
2006
Influence of air pollution
 20 of 75 administrative districts of the CR considerably
affected by emissions
(0.627 mil. ha of 2.475 mil. ha accessible to public).
 Surprisingly 27.5% of NWFP collected in the 20
districts from 25% of total forest area in the CR
(data from 90’)
 Research results on heavy metals in NWFP show the
quantity of heavy metals in NWFP influenced rather by
natural background than by the level of pollution.
Conlusions
 Research results prove high importance of the NWFP
collection for the population.
 Total average annual value of collected NWFP reached more
than 1/6 of an annual income from timber sale in the CR.
 NWFP importance is even higher considering recreational
value and other picked NWFP: drug and ornamental plants.
 The amount of collected drug plants in dry state about
2.8 mil. kg annualy. Collected by 17% of households.
 Collection of NWFP increases substantially also forest
frequentation and enhances recreational value of forests.
Thank you for your attention
Luděk Šišák
Faculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Wood Sciences
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol
[email protected]