Transcript March 6, 2007

SOCI3055A
STUDIES IN ADDICTIONS
March 6, 2007
INTERVENTIONS
Prevention & Enforcement
Overview
Readings
Lyman, M., G. Potter (2003). “Foreign Drug-Trafficking
Organizations” in Drugs in Society. Causes, Concepts and
Control. Ohio: Anderson Publishing Company. pp. 257-289.
Cote, F., G. Godin, S. Mercure, L. Noel, M. Alary (2006).
“Preventing HIV transmission among marginalized injection
drug users: New insights from a Quebec City based
research”. International Journal of Drug Policy. 17. pp. 411417.
Davis, C. (2006). Risks Associated with Tobacco Use in Youth
Aged 15-19. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance
Class outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Overview
Group project papers
Prevention
Return book review assignment
Enforcement
Film: “Damage Done: The Drug War
Odyssey”.
(2) Group Project Papers
(3) Prevention
 Youth focus
 DARE program
 Suppose you are a uniformed police officer
going into the classroom to give DARE
training. What key messages do you want to
relay? What barriers
may you come up
against?
Types of Prevention
 Universal

Sandy’s Law – Bill-43
WARNING: Drinking alcohol
during pregnancy can cause
both defects and brain damage
to your baby.
1-877-FAS-INFO
www.alcoholfreepregnancy.ca
Types of Prevention
(Continued)
 Universal
 Selective




outreach
screening
referral
brief interventions
Screening
TWEAK Test
 Tolerance: How many drinks does it take to make you
feel high? (Record number of drinks)
 Worry: Have close friends or relatives worried or
complained about your drinking in the past year?
 Eye-Opener: Do you sometimes have a drink in the
morning when you first get up?
 Amnesia (Blackouts): Has a friend or family member
ever told you about things you said or did while you
were drinking that you could not remember?
 Cut Down: Do you sometimes feel the need to cut
down on your drinking?
T-ACE
1. Tolerance = How many drinks does it take to make you feel
high?
less than or equal to 2 drinks /OR/ more than 2 drinks
2. Annoyance = Have people annoyed you by criticizing your
drinking?
No /OR/ Yes
3. Cut down = Have you felt you ought to cut down on your
drinking?
No /OR/ Yes
4. Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to
steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
No /OR/ Yes
Brief intervention
Elements of successful interventions:
Feedback
Responsibility
Advice
Menu
Empathy
Self-efficacy
(Yahne and Miller)
Types of Prevention
(Continued)
 Universal
 Selective
 Indicated
"contributing to fewer birth complications, decreased postnatal
diagnoses and shorter hospital lengths of stay. In addition, BTC
children had better maternal health ratings, fewer health
concerns, fewer separations from their mothers and fewer
developmental concerns as expressed by mothers.... Mothers
reported significant knowledge, attitudinal and behaviour
changes related to parenting skills, which affect the mother–
infant attachment.... Mothers reported less use of inappropriate
discipline, more mother–child activities, and increased positive
feelings about parenting.... BTC children made substantial
growth during the evaluation periods and continued
developmentally-appropriate progress could be anticipated.”
(4) Enforcement
Goals of Policing
(drug trafficking and use)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reduce gang violence associated with drug
trafficking and prevent the emergence of powerful
organized criminal groups;
control the street crimes committed by drug users;
improve the health and economic and social wellbeing of drug users;
restore the quality of life in urban communities by
ending street-level drug dealing;
help to prevent children from experimenting with
drugs; and
protect the integrity of criminal justice institutions.
Proportions of crimes associated with
alcohol and other drugs in Canada
(Pernanen et al, 2002)
 Use of alcohol and illicit drugs: A great proportion of
inmates in both federal and provincial prisons report using
illicit drugs when not incarcerated.
 Use and dependency as they relate to volume of crimes
committed: Alcohol and drug users, particularly dependent
users, report higher volumes of crimes committed.
 Intoxication at the time of committing a crime: More
than half of offenders entering federal custody report having
been under the influence of a psychoactive substance when
they committed the most serious crime on their current
sentence.
 Crimes reportedly committed to obtain alcohol or illicit
drugs: A significant proportion of crimes are reported to
have been committed in order to obtain psychoactive
Cynthia’s Story
A final thought to leave you with…
CAUSES
CONSEQUENCES
INTERVENTIONS
Harm reduction
 Treatment
 Prevention
 Enforcement

5. Film: “Damage Done: The Drug
War Odyssey”.