Transcript Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods
Mt. Baker Planned Parenthood
Information comes from Contraceptive Technology, 18th revised edition, 2004
Cost estimates are based on out of pocket pay- no insurance coverage.
Abstinence
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Choose not to have intercourse.
100 if used every time
No sex means sperm cannot reach the
egg.
STI protection. No side effects. Avoid
emotional risks of sexual activity. Can
be used any time.
Can be difficult to practice. Requires a
strong commitment and self control. May
be more difficult within a romantic
relationship.
Free.
Withdrawal
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Choose to practice it.
Depends on man’s ability to withdraw prior
to ejaculation. Typical: 73
Male removes penis (“pulls out”) from the
vagina before ejaculation. Prevents
contact between the sperm and egg.
Better than using no method at all.
No STI protection. Pre-ejaculate fluid may
contain sperm. Male may not be able to
“pull out” in time. Sperm that get on the
outside of the vagina can still get in to
fertilize an egg.
Free.
Fertility Awareness Method
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Choose to practice it.
Varies widely depending on which method(s) are
used- 40-98%.
Predict ovulation by charting menstrual cycle,
taking body temperature, checking cervical
mucous or a combination. Abstain or use a
reliable form of birth control 7 days before and 3
days after ovulation.
No side effects. Appropriate for couples who
cannot or do not want to use other contraceptive
methods.
No STI protection. Takes time and effort. Less
effective for women with irregular cycles. Other
factors may effect temperature & mucous changes.
May be difficult to abstain during fertile days.
Cost of materials.
This chart allows
women to track
multiple factors that
indicate fertility
including waking
body temperature,
cervical mucous, and
menstrual symptoms.
Chart is From “Taking Charge of Your Fertility” by Toni
Weschler, MPH
Birth Control Pills
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Requires a prescription.
Typical: 92
Perfect: 99.7
Hormones in the pills, estrogen and progestin
(combined) or progestin-only, stop the ovaries from
releasing eggs.
Shorter, more regular periods. Less cramping.
Some pills reduce acne. Decreased risk for
ovarian and uterine cancer.
No STI protection. Must be taken at about the
same time every day. Side effects may include
nausea, headaches, spotting between periods,
breast tenderness, weight gain or loss. Increased
risk of heart attack or stroke especially for
smokers.
Approximately $30 a month
Ortho Evra Patch
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Requires a prescription.
Typical: 92
Perfect: 99.7
Hormones similar to those in the pill are
release from the patch and absorbed
through the skin. The hormones prevent
ovulation.
Do not have to remember a pill everyday
yet receive similar advantages as the pill.
No STI protection. May experience side
effects similar to those of the pill. May
cause skin irritation where the patch is
worn. Not effective for women weighing
more than 200 lbs.
About $40.00 a month.
NuvaRing
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Requires a prescription.
Typical: 92
Perfect: 99.7
Hormones similar to those in the pill are
released from the ring and absorbed through
the vaginal wall. The hormones prevent
ovulation.
Do not have to remember a pill everyday yet
receive similar advantages to the pill. Lowest
hormonal dosage.
No STI protection. May experience side
effects similar to those of the pill.
Approximately $40 a month.
Depo Provera
• How to Get it:
Must visit a doctor or clinic.
• % Effective:
Typical: 97
• How it Works:
3 month progestin-only injection prevents
ovulation and thickens cervical mucous
(harder for sperm to get into uterus).
• Advantages:
Highly effective. Lasts 12 weeks. Many
females stop having periods.
• Disadvantages:
No STI protection. Tends to cause more side
effects than other hormonal methods. May
take 9-10 months or longer from last injection
to become pregnant.
• Cost:
Approximately $90.00 per injection.
Perfect: 99.7
Emergency Contraceptive Pills
(Morning After Pill)
• How to Get it:
Through medical providers or select pharmacies- no
prescription needed. Hotline- 1-888-NOT-2-LATE.
• % Effective:
If used within 3 days, reduces the risk of pregnancy by
at least 75%
• How it Works:
The hormones in ECPs are similar to those in birth
control pills. They prevent ovulation, fertilization and
implantation.
• Advantages:
Can be taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent
pregnancy.
• Disadvantages:
No STI protection. Certain forms may cause severe
nausea/vomiting. Does not work if already pregnant.
For emergencies only- not intended as a regular
method of birth control.
• Cost:
$30-55
Latex Condoms
• How to Get it:
Can buy in grocery/drug stores. Free at
Planned Parenthood and Department of
Health.
• % Effective:
Typical use: 85
• How it Works:
Prevents sperm from getting inside vagina
(physical barrier).
• Advantages:
STI protection, no hormonal side effects,
very inexpensive and accessible. Allows
male to take responsibility for birth control.
• Disadvantages:
Must be used correctly every time. Some
have allergies to latex.
• Cost:
Less than $1 each.
Perfect use: 98
Non-Latex Condoms
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Can buy in grocery/drug stores.
Animal Membrane: Some protection against
pregnancy. No protection against STIs.
Polyurethane: Believed to have similar
protection against pregnancy and STIs as
latex condoms.
Prevents sperm from getting inside vagina
(physical barrier).
Alternative for those with latex allergies. No
hormonal side effects. Allows male to take
responsibility for birth control.
Must be used correctly every time. More
expensive than latex condoms.
$1-$2.50 each.
Female Condom
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Can buy in grocery/drug stores.
Typical: 79
Perfect: 95
Prevents sperm from getting inside the
uterus by lining the inside of the vagina
(physical barrier).
Provides some STI protection. No
hormonal side effects.
Must be used correctly every time.
Has a tendency to slip out of place.
approximately $2.50 each.
Spermicides
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Can buy in grocery/drug stores. Free at
some clinics.
Typical use: 71
Perfect use: 82
Creates a chemical barrier. Kills sperm.
Easy to use. Can act as lubrication. Many
different forms to choose from.
No STI protection. Must be inserted
before intercourse. May need to be
reapplied. Can be messy. Some people
are allergic.
$12.00 (multiple applications)
Diaphragm
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Must be fitted by a doctor.
Typical: 84
Perfect: 94
Blocks sperm from getting through cervix.
Spermicide kills sperm.
No hormonal side effects.
No STI protection. Must be inserted
before intercourse. Must be left in 6 hours
after intercourse. May be difficult for some
to use (must be comfortable inserting and
removing it.).
Up to $150.00 including visit and spermicide.
Tubal Ligation
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Surgery in a hospital or clinic.
99.5
Fallopian tubes are cut and closed so
eggs cannot reach the uterus and sperm
cannot reach eggs.
Permanent. Most insurance will cover
surgery.
No STI protection. Permanent- very
difficult and expensive to reverse, not
always successful. Possibility of
infection. Some discomfort.
$2,500
Vasectomy
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
• Cost:
Surgery in a clinic.
99.85
Vas Deferens are cut and closed , so
sperm is no longer part of the ejaculate.
Permanent. Most insurance will cover
surgery.
No STI protection. Permanent- very
difficult and expensive to reverse, not
always successful. Possibility of infection.
Some discomfort.
$755.00
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
Must be inserted in a clinic.
Typical: 99.2 Perfect: 99.4
Chemical or hormone makes uterus inhospitable
to sperm and egg. Prevents implantation.
Long-term- 5 years for Mirena, 12
years for Paragard. Easily reversible.
• Disadvantages:
Increased risk for STIs for those with multiple
partners. Can cause increased cramping,
longer/heavier periods. Bleeding between
periods. Possibility for IUD to move out of
place or puncture the wall of the uterus (rare).
• Cost:
Insertion: $600.00 removal: $70.00
($4.20/mo.- 12 years, $10/mo.- 5 years)