Transcript Section #4 and #5

U.S. History
Chapter 8 Section 4
“Roosevelt’s Square Deal”
2.5, 3.5, 3.8, 9.3
Booker T. Washington at White House Dinner
Roosevelt Shapes the Modern
Presidency




Theodore Roosevelt:
1901: Became President
after William McKinley
Assasinated (Leon
Czolgocz)
Square Deal: TR’s
Program: Keep the
wealthy from taking
advantage of the rest
-Did not believe in
helping the lazy or
making everyone rich
“Every man shall have a
square deal…no less…no
more”
Trustbusting and Regulating
Industry






Roosevelt changed the way that Government
dealt with business disputes
1902: Coal Miners Strike: TR Threatened to send
troops in if strike not over quickly
Hepburn Act: Strengthened the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC)
1904: Northern Securities v. U.S. : Case ruled
the big railroad company an “illegal” trust
TR became known as a “Trustbuster”
*He did not mind “Good Trusts” (Fair) only
disliked “Bad Trusts” (Unfair)
Regulating Food and Drug
Industries



1906: Upton Sinclair
wrote: The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act:
Gov’t began to
inspect meat
Pure Food and Drug
Act (FDA): Banned
impure food and
“dishonest” medicine
claims (Snake Oil
Salesmen)
Government Manages the Environment







1872: Yellowstone
National Park Formed
1890: Yosemite National
Park
John Muir: Helped found
Yosemite
Preserve: To leave
“unused”
Conserve: “Use-smart”
Gifford Pinchot: Protect
“some” land and use
others. Then, protect
“used” land and use
“protected” land
(Recycle)
National Reclamation Act:
Gov’t Decides how water
is used (Dams…etc.)
Roosevelt and Taft Differ






Roosevelt steps down after serving two terms
William Howard Taft: Backed by TR and won
Presidency
Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Showed Taft’s weak
“political” leadership
Taft hated ALL trusts and busted more than
Roosevelt
1911: Standard Oil “Busted”
Supported: “Rule of Reason” Large Monopolies
ok as long as they do not try to drive out
competition (I call it the “NIPSCO” rule)
Roosevelt Strikes Back








Taft: Fired Pinchot
Roosevelt: Angry…ran
against Taft
New Nationalism:
Business should serve
country as well as self.
Efficiency is key.
ELECTION of 1912
Taft: Republican
Roosevelt: Progressive:
“Bull-Moose” Party
*Republican Party Split
*Democrat Woodrow
Wilson Won Election
U.S. History I
Chapter 8 Section 5
“Woodrow Wilson”
Election of 1912
Wilson’s New Freedom








New Freedom: Prevent “strong from crushing
weak” …But retain personal freedom from gov’t.
Lowered Tariffs
Sixteenth Amendment: Income Tax Amendment
Federal Reserve Act: Strengthened money
supply
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-Looked out for
false advertising or improper labeling
(Watchdog)
Clayton Anti-trust Act: Strengthened anti-trust
laws
Workingman’s Compensation Act: Temporay help
for disabled workers
Set railroad workers day at 8 hours
Legacy of Progressivism






16th (Income Tax),
17th (Direct Election),
18th (Prohibition),
19th (Women’s
Suffrage)
Amendments
Political Reform
Dollar Strengthened
Land Conservation
Strong Federal
Government “Levels”
playing field
(Business)
Worker gains (Unions)




Too much
government?
(Socialism)
What about race
issues? (One great
failure)
Do people “depend”
on Government too
much? Is it the
governments, or
American people’s
job?
Do reforms promote
“laziness” or sense of
“Entitlement”