Transcript Presentation

Alcohol, drugs
and Tobacco
1. What is a Drug?
Any chemical other than
food that affects the
functioning of a living thing.
2. List and differentiate the
three ways that drugs may
be used:
(a) Simple chemicals found
in products
(b) Medical reasons
(c) To change behavior
3. Explain the two ways
that doctors LEGALLY use
drugs:
a) Kill organisms that cause
disease
b) To treat the symptoms of
disease
. What is a
CONTROLLED DRUG?
4
A drug that must be
monitored by the law
. What is a
5
PRESCRIPTION
DRUG?
A drug that a
doctor tells
you to take.
6. What is an
OVER – THE –
COUNTERDRUG?
Medications you
can buy without a
prescription.
7. What is the
most popular
over the
counter drug?
Aspirin
8. Why do you
need a doctor to tell
you which
prescription drug to
take?
The doctor
knows which
drug will help
your illness
The doctor
knows how
much
medicine you
should take.
The doctor
knows
possible
problems
that may
result from
taking the
drug
9. Explain what
you can learn from
a drug label:
A
Use
What it is for.
B Dose
How much
should be
taken
C. How
often to
take it
Time
between
doses
D when to
take it
After meals
/ bedtime
E warnings
Possible side
effects, foods
to avoid, and
cautions.
10. list and explain two
factors that will affect
the dosage of a
medication:
Age
Children
should not
take as much
as an older
person.
Body size
Large people
would need
more medicine
than small or
thin people.
11. Explain why it is
necessary that you
take the medicine
precisely on time. I
mean, every four
hours mean every
FOUR HOURS!
(A) The kidneys and
liver are continually
removing the
medication from
your blood stream.
(B) A constant level
amount of the medicine
must be in your body at all
times during the healing
process in order to get you
healthy again.
12. What causes an
OVERDOSE to occur?
If you take
in more
medicine
than your
body can
filter out
you have
an
overdose.
Why is this dangerous?
An
overdose
can
cause
injury or
death.
13. What is a stimulant?
A stimulant
speeds up
all body
processes
14. What are
amphetamines? List
three examples?
What?
Chemical stimulants
Examples
Cocaine
Caffeine
Nicotine
15. What is a
neural pathway?
A chain of
neurons that
carry
electrical
messages to
and from the
brain.
16. Explain how
messages travel
along a neural
pathway
:
The electrical
signal moves
from one
neuron to the
next neuron
until it
reaches its
destination.
At the end of the
first neuron, the
electrical signal
must wait until a
chemical bridge is
formed across the
synapse. Signal
crosses the bridge,
then the bridge
disappears
18. Explain the role
of the neural
transmitter at the
neural junction
To form a
bridge
between
neurons
19. Explain how
stimulants affect the
transmission of electrical
messages:
Speeds it up
How
A - Speeds up the
creation of the
chemical bridge
between neurons.
B - Slows down the
removal of the bridge
between impulses.
20. Explain how
stimulants causes a
“speeded up”
feeling:
Electrical
impulses last
longer and
move faster
across the
synapse.
How would
this affect the
body?
Everything
occurs much
faster.
21. How does a
depressant affect the
body?
Slows down
body
processes
22. List the three
main purposes of
depressants:
Stop pain
Calm
Behavior
Help
people
sleep
23. List four
powerful
depressants that
should only be used
when prescribed by
a doctor.
Codeine Morphine
Alcohol
Barbituates
(valium,
darvacet)
24. Differentiate by
definition and
example the two
ways that
depressants work as
a pain reliever:
Definition
Example
Pain stoppers ( shut Darvacet, morphine,
down the brain’s pain codeine
center)
Pain blockers
Novacaine, oral gel.
temporarily blocks
the nerve pathway to
the brain
25. Explain the final
relationship that exists
between you, the pain, and
pain killers.
Painkillers do
not change
what causes
the pain, they
just keep you
from feeling
the pain
26. What is a
HALLUCINAGEN?
A mindaltering drug
that causes
hallucinations
.
27. What is a
HALLUCINATION?
Seeing or
hearing
things
that aren’t
really
there.
28. List and explain
the two types of mind
altering drugs:
List
Those found in
nature
Explain
Mushrooms
Cactus
marijuana
Made by man in a lab PCP
LSD
Ecstasy
29. List five bad results
of using mind altering
drugs:
High
Blood
Pressure
Difficulties
walking and
standing
Numbness
Becoming
violent
Becoming
suicidal
30. INHALENTS:
What?
A drug
you
breath in
Examples:
1. glue
2. Paint
3. Liquid Paper
Affects to the body:
1 irregular heartbeat
2 Liver damage
Affects to the brain
Hallucinations
31. Trace the pathway
that a drug follows if it is
swallowed:
swallow
the drug
A
drug
breaks apart
in the
stomach
B
drug
passes into
the small
intestine
C
enters the
blood stream
D
heart pumps
drug to the
rest of the
body. Drug
reaches the
brain.
E
32. Speculate as to why an
injected drug would work
faster than a swallowed
drug:
This methods
skips the first
three steps
and goes
straight to the
blood stream
33. Decongestants:
What is it?
A drug that unplugs the
respiratory system
How does it help you?
Unclogs your breathing
passages
Examples of affects on the
body:
1 helps control runny nose
and cough
2 reduces swelling in sinuses
3 reduces mucus production
Dangers of using
decongestants:
Habit forming. Nasal
passages will not open up
unless you use it.
34. Define SPUTUM and
explain how decongestants
work to create sputum:
Define Sputum:
Wads of mucus that you cough
up.
How do decongestants create sputum?
The decongestants will soften the
mucus clogging the trachea so you can
cough it up.
35. What is an antacid?
drug that
changes
extra
stomach
acid into
water and
salt
A
36. What causes you
to BURP when you
take an antacid?
Carbon Dioxide
gas is produced
when the
stomach acid is
neutralized.
This gas passes
up your
windpipe and
out of your
mouth.
37. List three examples of
antacids:
38. Why is it
dangerous to use
someone else’s
prescription medicine
even when you both
have the same
symptoms?
A You may not have the
same problem even though
your symptoms are similar.
B The dosage may be
different
C You could be allergic to it.
39. What is a drug allergy?
You are sensitive to a
particular drug.
40. What are the
possible results of a
drug allergy?
RASH
ITCHY
EYES
Runny nose
DEATH
41. What is DRUG
ABUSE?
Using
drugs
you don’t
need
42. What is drug dependence?
Needing a
certain drug
in order to
carry out
normal
activities
43. What is the
difference between
physical and psychological
dependence?
Physical – Your body now truly
needs the drug
Psychological – You just think you
need the drug
44. Which is harder to
conquer? Physical or
psychological
dependence?
The
psychological
last longer
because the
desire for the
drug last
longer than
the physical
need
45. What causes a
person to become
ADDICTED to drug?
The person
chooses to
experiment with
the drug, then
the person
becomes
physically and
psychologically
dependent upon
the drug.
46. What is
WITHDRAWAL?
Withdrawal
is the pain
that you feel
when the
body is not
given the
drug.
47. List four
withdrawal symptoms
that a person may
have?
Hot flashes
Headache
Stomach
cramps
and
vomiting
Diarrhea
48. What is COCAINE?
A controlled
drug that is
a powerful
stimulant
49. How is cocaine used?
Injected
inhaled
smoked
50. Describe what
happens to the first
time cocaine user?
A person
becomes
more active
Blood
pressure
rises
The person
could die
51. How much cocaine will it take to
cause death?
unknown
Why?
No one knows that a particular person’s
tolerance range is.
52. CRACK
What is it?
A strong concentrated form of
cocaine.
How is it
made?
Formed into a paste then
allowed to dry
How is it
used?
How does it
affect the
body?
Smoked
Enters the blood stream
through lungs may cause
heart attack and lung
damage.
53. What is Caffeine?
A stimulant found
in coffee, tea,
cola, and
chocolate
54. What
does caffeine
do to the
body?
Speeds you
up
Habit
forming
55. What is
NICOTINE?
A stimulant
found in
tobacco
products
56. What does Nicotine do
to the body?
Speeds you up
Habit forming
57. Why are nicotine
and caffeine often
considered “sister”
drugs?
Both nicotine
and caffeine
cause the
same
physical
reactions to
the body.
58. What is found in
beer, wine, and liquor
that make people
drunk?
Ethyl Alcohol
59. ALCOHOL:
How does it get into the
body?
Enters the
blood through
the digestive
system
Why is alcohol
considered a
depressant?
Alcohol slows
down all
body
functions
Why does it cause
physical dependence
and withdrawal?
It is addictive
60. Why is it dangerous
for a pregnant woman
to use drugs, alcohol, or
tobacco products?
These
chemicals will
pass from the
mother’s body
into the
developing
baby.
Fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS) is
one of the most
common,
preventable
causes of mental
retardation in the
world today.
At least one third
to one half of
children born to
chronic alcoholic
mothers show
some signs of
fetal alcohol
syndrome.
Some common characteristics of FAS are:

Facial abnormalities like telecanthus,
where there is an increased distance between
the inner corners of the eyes, and a thin upper
lip.

Mild to severe mental retardation resulting
in learning difficulties.

Low birth weight and height that persists
through early childhood.

organs
Abnormalities of the heart and other