Transcript mental and emotional health

Illegal Drugs
CHAPTER 22, LESSON 1
HEALTH RISKS OF
DRUG USE
Substance Abuse
• Substance abuse:
• Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances
for non-medical purposes
• Illegal drugs:
• Chemical substances that people of any age may not
lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell
• Illicit drug use:
• The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise
is not permitted
Illegal drug use can lead to death.
Factors that influence Teens
• Peer pressure
• Family members
• Role models
• Media messages (TV, Radio, websites,
movies, music)
• Perceptions of drug behavior
• Misleading information (beneficial? Ex:
steroid use boosts sports performance)
How drugs affect your health
• Physical Health
Overdose – strong, sometimes fatal reaction
Increased risk of disease – HIV, hepatitis B
• Mental Health
Alters brain structure and function – Ecstasy
Impairs ability to reason and think
Lowers inhibitions – illegal or dangerous
• Social Health
Loss of friendships and other relationships
Legal consequences (leading cause of crime, suicide,
and unintentional injuries)
Other Effects of Drug Use
Reactions can occur from one time use or
multiple uses…
• Tolerance
• Psychological dependence
• Physiological dependence
• Addiction – great difficulty stopping use
Illegal drugs are not regulated, so compounds and
ingredients may be different in each batch made by
manufacturer.
Individual Consequences of Drug Use
• Reasoning is clouded – domino effect –
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one bad decision leads to another…
examples?
Interests and goals unattained
Leading factor in teen depression and
suicide
Increased violence, crime, accidental death
More likely to be arrested - jail
What about Friends/Family and others?
• Drug use affects everyone in person’s life
• Family feels burden of the emotional and
financial costs
• Spending time with friends is halted
• Drugs passed from mother to developing
fetus…born with birth defects, behavioral
problems, or drug addiction
• How would you feel losing a friend to
drugs?
Consequences for Society
• Causes harm to society (drug-related crime
and violence)
• DUI/DWI – collisions cause injuries/deaths
• Affects Nation’s economy:
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$180 billion/year
• Lost work hours/productivity – drug-related illnesses,
jail time, accidents, deaths
• Health care costs and legal fees
• Law enforcement costs/insurance costs
Illegal Drugs
CHAPTER 22, LESSON 2
MARIJUANA, INHALANTS,
AND STEROIDS
Marijuana
Mind-altering and can damage user’s health;
leads to risky behavior (“gateway drug”)
Influenced by mood and surroundings:
• Hallucinations and paranoia
• Impaired short-term memory, reaction time, concentration
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& coordination
Decreased initiative and ambition
Lung irritation – heart and lung damage
Weakened immunity to infection
Females=risk of infertility; Males=low sperm count &
testosterone levels
Marijuana
• Physical consequences:
Same health risks as tobacco smokers
Contains more cancer-causing chemicals than
tobacco smoke (421 different chemicals)
• Mental and Emotional consequences:
Raises levels of dopamine in brain (high then low)
Paranoia – irrational, suspicious or distrust
Very sleepy – driving?
• Social consequences:
Injury/death to others if driving impaired
Legal prosecution; loss of privileges
Inhalants
• Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to
give effect
(i.e. solvents, aerosols, glues, paints, varnishes,
and gasoline = brain damage)
• Depress central nervous system with effects:
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Glassy stare, slurred speech, impaired judgment
Nausea, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination
Extremely dangerous – labeled as poisons – work in wellventilated room and wear a mask if long exposure is required
Steroid Use
• Anabolic-androgenic Steroids
synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones
(anabolic = muscle building; androgenic = male
characteristics)
- Effects on males:
- Effects on females:
- Shrinking testicles
- facial hair
- Reduced sperm count
- baldness
- Baldness
- menstrual cycle changes
- Development of breasts
- deepened voice
- Increased risk of prostate cancer
Steroid Use
When used without medical supervision,
illegal & dangerous!
• Unnatural muscle growth
• Weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, liver &
kidney tumors
• Violent behavior, mood swings, depression, paranoia
• Injected increases risk of HIV, hepatitis B
• Athletes face team/event expulsion, fines, tarnished
reputation, jail time
Illegal Drugs
CHAPTER22, LESSON 3
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
Effects of Psychoactive Drugs
• Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that affect the central nervous
system and alter activity to the brain
Four main groups:
stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens
Club Drugs, Stimulants, Depressants
Club Drug – “designer drugs” made to imitate
other drugs; can be 700x stronger
• Rohypnol – “roofies” – depressants
(colorless, odorless, tasteless), slows CNS.
Also called the “date rape” drug. Criminal
offense to engage sexual activity with
someone under the influence…
• GHB (gamma hydroxybutyic acid) –
depressant “date rape”
Never allow a stranger to handle your drink…
Stimulants
Drugs that speed up the CNS – can lead to death
• Methamphetamine “Meth” (street name)
• LSD (acid)
• Nicotine (found in tobacco products)
• Caffeine (coffee, tea, soda, power drinks)
• Cocaine – can cause malnutrition, cardiac
problems
• Crack – mixed with alcohol can be fatal
• Amphetamines – highly addictive
Depressants
- Drugs that slow the CNS – negative and
sometimes deadly effects
• Barbiturates – sedatives rarely used for medical
purposes that used with alcohol can be fatal
• Tranquilizers – relieves anxiety, muscle
spasms, sleeplessness, and nervousness. When
overused, could cause physiological and
psychological dependence, coma, and death
• Alcohol – commonly used; mixed with other
drugs can be deadly
Hallucinogens
Serious mental/emotional and physical
consequences; altering moods, thoughts, sense
perceptions (vision, smell, hearing, touch); can
last for hours or days – extremely unpredictable
Examples include:
- Ecstasy – stimulant and hallucinogen causing
short-term euphoria
- PCP – “angel dust”; most dangerous
- Mushrooms and Peyote – poisoning and death
when harvest with toxic species
Opiates (Narcotics)
Derived from opium plant, obtainable
only through prescription; used to
relieve pain
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Oxycodone – also known as “OxyContin”
• Heroin
Illegal Drugs
CHAPTER 22, LESSON 4
LIVING DRUG-FREE
Resisting Pressure…
“Everybody is NOT doing it!” – almost 62% of
high school students have never tried marijuana
and 90% have never tried cocaine.
 Commit to be drug free – choose friends with
same values; avoid places of availability
 Refusal Skills – plan ahead, what will you say?
 Healthy Alternatives – hobbies, sports,
community activities, school organizations/clubs
Becoming Drug Free
 Recognize warning signs – page 614, Figure
22.15
 Identify help in community
 Talk to person when he/she is sober; express
concern and care without being judgmental
 Listen to response – be prepared for anger and
denial
 Offer support
Getting Help
 Outpatient drug-free treatment
 Short-term treatment
 Maintenance therapy
 Therapeutic communities
 Behavioral change strategies through
counseling; adjusting to life w/o drugs
 Support groups – long-term support
 Family support
 What is the CNS and what is its function?
Central Nervous System
Functions: brain and spinal cord receives impulses
to/from nerves to body coordinating all body
activities (breathing, digesting food, sensing pain,
feeling fear; moving fingers, legs, speaking,
swallowing, thinking, doing…)