Transcript Alcohol - Robbinsville Schools

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Alcohol
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Alcohol: Is This Right?
Take out a sheet of paper and number 1-12. Write agree or
disagree in regards to each statement.
1.
Alcohol is a stimulant
2.
Caffeine will sober you up.
3.
Food will keep you from becoming intoxicated
4.
Drinking beer is safer than drinking wine or hard liquor.
5.
Alcohol-related car crashes are all caused by drunk
drivers.
6.
Alcoholism is a disease.
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Alcohol: Is This Right?
7. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism affect only the abuser.
8. Alcohol abuse or alcoholism will never be my problem.
9. Nothing can be done about alcohol abuse or alcoholism
10. It is a good idea to drink alcohol to prevent heart disease.
11. Drinking a large amount of alcohol occasionally is less
harmful than drinking a smaller amount everyday.
12. Drinking alcohol makes you feel more confident.
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Definitions
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Ethanol
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Type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages
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Produced synthetically and naturally through fermentation
Fermentation
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Yeast, a fungus, converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide
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Water, flavoring and minerals are mixed to produce drinks
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Liquor is created through distillation
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Depressant
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Drug that slows down the CNS
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Influencing Factors
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Peer Pressure
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Availability
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Legal Restrictions
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Family
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Media Messages
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Alcohol Abuse
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the continued use of alcohol despite the development of
social, legal, or health problems.
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any alcohol use by underage youth is considered to be
alcohol abuse.
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High risk for neglect, abuse, economic hardship and social
isolation
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Studies show – drinking as a teen is 4x more likely to develop
alcohol dependence than an adult
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Characteristics of Alcohol Abuse
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failing to fulfill major work, school, or home responsibilities
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drinking in situations that are potentially dangerous, such as
driving a car or operating heavy machinery
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experiencing repeated alcohol-related legal problems, such
as being arrested for driving while intoxicated
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exhibiting continued drinking despite having relationship
problems that are caused or made worse by drinking
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Alcoholic
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Addict who is dependent on alcohol
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Harmful behaviors
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Drunken driving, violent or aggressive behaviors
Quiet and reserved
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Alcoholism
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is a chronic disease involving a strong need to drink, the
inability to stop drinking, the occurrence of withdrawal
symptoms, and tolerance.
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Alcoholism is often progressive.
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Characterized by an impaired ability to study, work or
socialize
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Characteristics of Alcoholism
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Craving
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Loss of control
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Physical dependence or the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms
when alcohol use is discontinued
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Tolerance
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Health, family and legal problems
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use and abuse of alcohol despite adverse consequences
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failure to acknowledge the problem
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Effects of Alcoholism on Children
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Suffer child abuse
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Depression and anxiety
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Physical and mental health problems
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Difficulties in school
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Behavior problems
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Cost of Alcoholism and Alcohol
Abuse
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Approximately 13.8 million Americans have problems
related to either alcohol abuse or alcoholism
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Cost an estimated $185 billion in lost productivity, illness,
premature death and healthcare expenditures (1998)
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Non-abusers cost
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Economic cost of criminal justice system
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Higher insurance premiums
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How is alcohol transported?
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Alcohol is absorbed in the blood by diffusion
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Absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the
bloodstream
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Transported to the tissues and throughout the watercontaining portions of the body as part of the distribution
process
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Brain is especially sensitive to its effects
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About 20% of the alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and
about 80% is absorbed through the upper portion of the
small intestine
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Short-Term Effects
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Body Size
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Gender
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Food
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Moves faster through bloodstream in females
Slows down passage of alcohol in bloodstream
Amount and rate of intake
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Drinks alcohol faster than liver can break it down, intoxication
results
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Short-Term Effects Continued
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Nervous System
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Cardiovascular System
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Heart and blood vessels
Digestive System
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Brain, memory and judgment
Stomach, liver and kidneys
Respiratory System
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Lungs and breathing
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Long-Term Effects
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Brain
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Addiction
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Loss of brain function
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Brain damage
Cardiovascular
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Heart
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HBP
Digestive System
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Enlarged heart
Inflammation of esophagus leading to esophageal cancer
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Increased risk of organ damage, frequencies of infections and
other life long effects
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Long-Term Effects Continued
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Liver
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Fatty liver
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Alcoholic hepatitis
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Excess fat blocks flow of blood to liver cells
Inflammation or infection of liver
Cirrhosis
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Liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue
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Can lead to liver failure
Pancreas
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Lining of pancreas
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Swells to block passage to small intestine
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Chemicals begin to destroy pancreas
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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#1: Alcohol is a stimulant.
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Alcohol has been falsely thought of as a stimulant because its
initial effects on some people include feelings of euphoria and
lowered inhibitions.
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Alcohol is classified correctly as a depressant because it later
causes sedation and drowsiness.
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In high concentrations, alcohol can induce unconsciousness,
coma, and even death.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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#2: Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are problems only for
the individual drinker.
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Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are social problems that touch
many more lives than that of the individual drinker.
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Alcohol abuse is a contributing factor to many other social
problems including auto crashes, domestic violence, and child
abuse or neglect.
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Alcoholism also has a severe economic impact on the country due
to lost productivity, healthcare treatment, and costs attendant to
administering the criminal justice system.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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# 3: People with alcoholism are morally weak
individuals lacking will power.
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It is known to be a complex disease that involves a variety of
factors including genetic, environmental, social, and behavioral
components.
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A disease that must be diagnosed, and as separate from alcohol
abuse.
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In alcoholic individuals, the brain is affected by alcohol and
promotes its continued use through both positive and negative
reinforcements. The severe physical withdrawal symptoms that
result from stopping drinking serve as a strong biological force
that can maintain drinking behavior.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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#4: Children cannot be alcoholics.
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Alcohol is the most used and abused drug among young people.
A recent national poll reports that one in four 8th graders drank
alcohol in the past month, and 18 percent of 8th graders got drunk
at least once in the past year.
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Research using animal models suggests that the developing brain
of the adolescent responds differently to alcohol than does the
adult brain.
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Children who abuse alcohol may develop alcoholism, though the
criteria for making the diagnosis may be different from those
used to diagnose adults
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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# 5: Small amounts of alcohol won’t impair bodily or
mental functions.
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Half of the states in the United States have set the legal limit for
blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at 0.08 percent for motor
vehicle operation.
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This does not mean, however, that an individual is unimpaired at
lower BACs. A BAC of 0.02–0.04 can impair memory and
judgment.
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The effects of alcohol on an individual vary depending on the
person’s weight, nutritional state, gender, exposure to other
drugs, and other factors. Any amount of alcohol taken during
pregnancy is considered risky.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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# 6: Alcohol’s effects are only temporary.
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The adult body can process approximately one drink per hour.
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A drink is one 12-ounce bottle of wine cooler or beer, one 5ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled liquor.
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A significant portion of the societal costs of alcohol use (for
example, falls, automobile crashes, and violence) is due to acute
effects.
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Although the acute effects of alcohol last only a short time,
chronic long-term effects can develop and persist. Adolescents
and adults who drink excessive amounts of alcohol may be
causing chronic alterations to their brains. A recent study
provides evidence that heavy drinking among teenagers can
impair brain function. It is not yet known if these effects are
reversible.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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#7: Alcohol is good for your health.
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Recent reports have indicated that moderate drinking (defined as
one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men)
may lessen the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Although moderate drinking is associated with decreased risk
for heart disease, it is also associated with increased risk of
accidents.
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Drinking 5+ drinks per day leads to increased risks for stroke
and cancer. In addition, pregnant women, people using certain
medications, and those diagnosed with alcoholism or other
medical problems should refrain from drinking entirely.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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#8: Alcoholism can be cured by behavioral programs
such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
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Alcoholism, at present, has no known cure.
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Alcoholism can be controlled effectively using behavioral
therapies, with or without pharmacological therapies. For such
treatments to be effective, however, the patient must be willing to
make significant and permanent lifestyle changes.
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People being treated for alcoholism often experience one or
more episodes of relapse. An important aspect of behavioral
therapy is to help patients deal with such relapses and motivate
them to continue their efforts to remain sober.
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Misconceptions about Alcohol Use,
Abuse and Alcoholism
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# 9: The public knows enough about the effects of alcohol
use; further research is not necessary.
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We do know many of the behavioral effects of alcohol
consumption, such as memory and motor function impairment.
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We do not know how alcohol creates its addictive actions.
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Research continues to provide insight into how alcohol acts on all
cells of the body and affects their functions. New scientific
approaches help scientists understand more about the biological
and behavioral effects of alcohol.
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The results of these studies, “from cell to society,” yield essential
knowledge that is a prerequisite for more-effective ways to
prevent and treat this disease.
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Immediate Effects
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Increased thirst
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Slurred speech
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Double vision
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Increased aggression altered behavior
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Lowered inhibitions
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Sleepiness
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Impaired judgment
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Slowed reflexes and body processes
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Loss of motor control and coordination
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Types of Alcohol
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What are different kinds of alcoholic beverages?
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Beer/Wine/Hard Liquor?
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Are they all the same in terms of amount of alcohol?
 Beer: 12 oz
 Wine: 5 oz
 Hard Liquor: 1.5 oz
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Measurement of BAC
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Metabolism
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In regards to alcohol:
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Metabolism refers to the transformation of ethanol to
acetaldehyde and other products
Liver
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Process by which the body breaks down food to extract energy
from it
Primary site of alcohol metabolism
Less than 10% of alcohol consumed is not metabolized and
excreted from the body in breath, sweat and urine
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Measurement of BAC continued
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Although expressed as a percentage, it is actually weightper-volume
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Grams of ethanol per 100 mL, or deciliter, of blood
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Males average 58% of total body weight in water
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Females average 49% of total body weight in water
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Average metabolism for a moderate drinker is a decline of
BAC of 0.017 per hour
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BAC
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How does the pattern of drinking relate to an individual’s
BAC?
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Person’s BAC is affected mainly by how much the individual
drinks and over what time period the drinking occurs
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Alcohol metabolism is at a constant rate
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If the rate of alcohol consumption is faster than the body’s
metabolism rate, than the BAC will increase
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Absorption of Alcohol
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Food
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Faster when stomach is empty
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Type of food present
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Fatty foods allow absorption to take place over a longer time
Effects are not prevented
Body Weight and Build
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Greater weight is a greater volume to absorb
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Muscle tissue takes up more alcohol than fat tissue
Gender
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Females have lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase in stomach
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Females vs Males
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Why, on average, are females more affected by drinking the
same amount of alcohol as males?
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Females tend to be smaller than their male counterparts
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Females tend to have more body fat than males, which has the
effect of reducing the amount of body water in which to distribute
the alcohol
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Alcohol and Drugs
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Can lead to illness, injury and possibly death
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Multiplier effect
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Medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken
alone
LABELS
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Binge Drinking
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5 or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting
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Possible to consume a fatal dose
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Hazing
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Any action taken or situation created intentionally:
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Causes embarrassment, harassment or ridicule
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Risks emotional and/or physical harm
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Members of a group or team
Can be done by a number of ways
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Alcohol
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Physical
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Blackouts
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the brief impairment of short- and long-term memory
occurring during episodes of excessive alcohol consumption
or of other substance abuse
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consciousness is retained
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Alcohol impairs the ability to form new memories while the
person is intoxicated, but does not typically erase memories
formed before intoxication
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Alcohol Poisoning
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A severe elevation of the BAC which may lead to coma and
death, often resulting from consumption of large amounts of
alcohol
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Also called alcohol overdose
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BAC reaches a level that the body cannot process quickly
enough
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Alcohol consumed in large doses can shut down involuntary
actions such as breathing, the heartbeat and gag reflex that
prevents choking
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Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
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Mental confusion, coma, vomiting
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Can choke on vomit and die of asphyxiation
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Slow respiration – 10 seconds between breaths or less than 8
breaths a minute
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Breathing slows, irregular heartbeat and finally stops
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Hypothermia – low body temp leading to cardiac arrest
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Pale or bluish color
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Severe dehydration
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Call 911 immediately
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Ways to Stop
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Alcoholics Anonymous
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Naltrexone
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Blocks receptors for endorphins, thus helping to reduce the
craving for alcohol
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National Association for Children of Alcoholics
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National Drug and Treatment Referral Routing Service
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Heredity
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Children of alcoholics are 4x more likely than other children
to become alcoholics
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Does not mean a person will become an alcoholic
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Other factors
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Family, friends, culture, peer pressure, availability of alcohol and
stress
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Situations
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Alcohol and Law
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Illegal under 21
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Arrested, fined, sentenced
Alcohol, Violence and Sexual Activity
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Impairs a person’s judgment, lowers inhibitions and compromises
moral standards
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Sexually active at a younger age