Transcript CDA - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

THE CENTRAL DRUG AUTHORITY
AND
THE DRUG PROBLEM IN SA
A PRESENTATION
TO THE
PARLIAMENTARY PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE
ON
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PART 1
CDA: May 2008
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CONTENTS
•A NEW DEFINITION OF ADDICTION
•THE NATURE OF THE DRUG PROBLEM
IN SA
•THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL
PROBLEM IN SA
•SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES FOR THE YOUTH
•LINK TO THE CDA MANDATE AND THE
NDMP 2006-2011
CDA: May 2008
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WHAT IS ADDICTION?
• 1918 – A disease affecting
a few unfortunates
• 1940’s – The results of sin
• 1980’s on- A chronic
relapsing and ultimately
fatal illness with no cure
other than abstention
CDA: May 2008
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WHAT IS ADDICTION?
• 2000 – A state of physiological
adaptation to the presence of a drug in
the body so that the absence of the
drug leads to physiological dysfunction
which is unpleasant or even lifethreatening.
• A syndrome at the centre of which is
impaired control over a behaviour with
loss of control leading to significant
harm.
CDA: May 2008
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WHAT IS ADDICTION?
• 2006- A chronic condition of the
motivational system in which rewardseeking has become out of control and
which leads to significant harm (West:
2006)
CDA: May 2008
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WHAT IS SUBSTANCE ADDICTION?
• A NEW DEFINITION:
Substance addiction is chronic, relapsing, outof-control and significantly harmful rewardseeking behaviour for which there is no cure
other than abstention.
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WHAT IS SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE?
The same as “addiction” only more politically correct.
User-friendly term.
Not a denigrating term
People now move from “state of addiction” to a “nonaddictive state” or from being ‘dependent’ to being “nondependent”
 Note that one remains an addict or a dependent but
one’s state changes.
 There is no cure for substance dependence other than
life-long abstinence
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THE NATURE OF THE DRUG
PROBLEM IN SA
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
World
SA
Cann
Op
Coke
ATS
% OF POPULATION
CDA: May 2008
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DRUG USERS IN SA IN
MILLIONS
PROBLEM
USERS 235 777
Cannabis 2.2
Opiates 0.079
Cocaine 0.21
ATS 0.21
DIRECT COSTS
R10bn pa
CDA: May 2008
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THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL
PROBLEM IN SA
Problem
Drinkers
(1.97 m)
6%
3-5 Standard
Units daily
Risky Drinkers
10%
(3.2 m)
Cost to the
country
Rbn 8.717.4 per
year
Low Risk Drinkers
15%
(4.9 m)
Not Currently Drinking
(59%)
19.2 million
CDA: May 2008
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PERCENTAGE AND TYPE OF
RECORDED ALCOHOL
CONSUMED
Beer 43.3
Sorghum 24.7
Wine 12.3
Brandy 6.5
Other Spirits 4.4
Alco Fruit 3.4
Whisky 2.7
Fort Wine 2.4
Spark Wine 0.3
CDA: May 2008
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TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF
ALCOHOL
SA’s 10.1 m drinkers EACH drink per year:
196 six-packs of beer, or
62 bottles of spirits, or
220 bottles of wine, or
666 cartons of sorghum beer
CDA: May 2008
20.1 L of pure
alcohol per head
=
Top Ten in the
World!
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THE DRUG PROBLEM:
ADULTS UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
THINK ABOUT:
•Binge Drinkers: 37% plus
•Monday drivers: 10% drunk
•DUI: 7000 deaths per annum
•Drug dealers of 18: R100k per day turnover
•Dependent of 24: R5000 per day
•Link between drug use, HIV/AIDS, TB, violence and
crime
•Co-dependents: Bankrupt and destitute
•Heroin dependents: 2% recovery success
•All dependents: 47% plus bipolar
CDA: May 2008
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ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
AMONGST ADOLESCENTS
70
60
50
40
Lifetime
Past Year
Past Month
30
20
10
0
Boys Gr 8
Boys Gr 11
Girls Gr 8
Girls Gr 11
CDA: May 2008
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THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL PROBLEM IN
SCHOOLS
9 TOTS/1 L WINE/2L
BEER
DAILY/WEEKENDS
DEPENDENT DRINKERS
?
RISKY DRINKERS
9-35%
?
?
LOW RISK DRINKERS
31%
COST TO
COUNTRY?
ABSTAINERS
40%
(After Parry)
THE DRINKERS’ PYRAMID
CDA: May 2008
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LIFETIME SUBSTANCE USE BY LEARNERS
25
20
15
Males
Females
10
5
0
Cann
Mand
Coke
Heroin
Youth Risk Behaviour 2002
CDA: May 2008
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YOUNG SUBSTANCE USERS AND
POTENTIAL HARM
•Crime and violence
•Accidents and injuries
•Risky sexual behaviour/unplanned
pregnancies/STI’s/HIV and AIDS
•Learning problems
•Mental and physical health problems
CDA: May 2008
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PERCENTAGE OF USER AND NON-USER
LEARNERS REPORTING BEING STABBED
16
14
12
10
Users
Non-users
8
6
4
2
0
Alc
Smokers
Cann
Youth Risk Behaviour 2002
CDA: May 2008
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PERCENTAGE OF USERS AND NON-USERS
REPORTING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
45
40
35
30
25
20
User
Non-user
15
10
5
0
Alc
Smokers
Cann
Youth Risk Behaviour 2002
CDA: May 2008
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PERCENTAGE OF USERS AND NONUSERS REPORTING EXPULSION
45
40
35
30
25
20
Users
Non-users
15
10
5
0
Alc
Smokers
Cann
Youth Risk Behaviour 2002
CDA: May 2008
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THE DRUG PROBLEM:
THE YOUTH UP CLOSE AND MORE
PERSONAL
THINK ABOUT SCHOOLS & YOUNG OFFENDERS:
•Age of Dependence: 12 years and reducing.
•School children: 1 in 2 experimented
•Drug dealers in schools: Target schools
•Increase in injection drug use (IDU)
•HIV/AIDS in prisons linked to IDU
•Tik :42% to 98% level in Cape treatment centres
•SACENDU and ISS: Positive link between drugs
and violence
•Drug Disguises: Peanuts; tattoos; sweets; cakes;
lollipops
CDA: May 2008
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CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR ADDICTION
TO START
SUPPLY
DEMAND
PEOPLE
SUSCEPTIBLE
TO
ADDICTION
EXPERIMENTATION
CDA: May 2008
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CDA STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING
ADDICTION
DEMAND REDUCTION
SUPPLY REDUCTION
HARM REDUCTION
CDA: May 2008
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CONCLUSION
•
•
•
•
The drug problem in South Africa is
extremely serious, with drug usage at twice
the world norm, and
alcohol consumption among the Top 10.
The socio-economic consequences of this
cost the country more than Rbn 20 per year.
The CDA integrated strategy is incorporated
in the National Drug Master Plan.
CDA: May 2008
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