Transcript Substance Abuse Slides

WHY A FOCUS ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS?
• Study of Drug Use and Misuse Important
• A part of life in our culture - pervasive
• Affects everyone: we all have choices to make about what
we do and don’t do, what we ingest and what we avoid
• Can have harmful consequences for individual, family,
community, and society
• Substance use disorders are both preventable and
treatable
• We are constantly being presented with information about
licit and illicit substances and activities - how do we
evaluate it?
OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES
• Study of Drug Use and Misuse has Experiential and
Scientific Basis
• Drugs are Neither Good Nor Bad: Context
• The Continuum: Drug Use, Misuse, and Dependence
• All Drugs and Potentially Addictive Behaviors Have a
History and Cultural Context
• e.g., religious, spiritual usage; use for health /
medical reasons
Drug Use, Misuse, and “Addiction”
• What is a drug?
• What is an addiction? An addict?
___________
• Themes associated with “addiction”
• Conceptions and definitions vary
Drug Use by High School Seniors
Figure 1-1
1-2
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS:
DSM-IV CRITERIA FOR SUBSTANCE
DEPENDENCE
- need at least 3 of the following within 12-month period
-symptoms present at least 1 month or occur repeatedly over time
 Tolerance
(physical dependence present)
 Withdrawal
 Substance taken in larger amounts or over a longer
period than intended (loss of control)
 Persistent desire, or unsuccessful efforts, to cut down
or control substance use
CRITERIA FOR SUBSTANCE
DEPENDENCE (con’t)
 Much time spent in activities needed to
obtain, use, and recover from the
substance
 Important social, family, school, work, or
recreational activities are given up or
reduced because of the substance use
 Substance use is continued despite
knowing that physical or psychological
problems are likely to be caused or
exacerbated by the substance
Dependence Potential of Psychoactive Drugs
Very High:
High:
Moderate/High:
Moderate:
Moderate/Low:
Low:
Very Low:
Heroin (IV)
Crack cocaine
Morphine
Opium (smoked)
Cocaine powder
Tobacco cigarettes
PCP (smoked)
Diazedpam (Valium)
Alcohol
Amphetamines (oral)
Caffeine
MDMA(Ecstasy”)
Marijuana
Ketamine
LSD, Mescaline
Psilocybin
College binge drinking
Harvard College Alcohol Study:
• 43% binge drank in prior 2 weeks (48% men; 39%
women)
• about 65% of the members of frats/sor. Binged
• Reasons for drinking
• “get drunk”
1993
1997
39%
52%
•READ: Alcohol in the Lives of College Women