Transcript Ch 15 Drugs updated

Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs:
Ch 15 Drug Abuse and
Addiction
Essential Questions:
How can a person become addicted to drugs?
What are the dangers of drug abuse?
How do drug abusers damage society?
What should you know in terms of treatment for drug abuse?
Drug Abuse and Addiction
True or False?
1.
Trying drugs once or twice isn’t harmful.
FALSE!
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Some die on 1st use of crack
Some become addicted after 1st or 2nd use
2.
Cocaine causes no major health problems.
FALSE!
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Several health issues with cocaine use
Some are hypersensitive to cocaine and can die even if exposed
to small amounts.
Causes sudden rise in blood pressure- can lead to a stroke
Can cause epileptic seizures in some people
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Drug Abuse and Addiction
True or False?
3. Marijuana is a safe drug?
FALSE!
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Can have worse effect on lungs than tobacco does due to lack of
filters.
Impairs a person’s ability to operate vehicles/ machinery safely
Psychoactive Drug
 A drug that affects a person’s mood and behavior
 Abuse of them can be deadly
 Alcohol AND nicotine both are in this drug category
REMINDER!
To USE a drug means= to take a
medication EXACTLY as directed.
To MISUSE a drug means= to take a
medication IMPROPERLY
To ABUSE a drug means= to take a legal
drug for a NONMEDICAL reason
Or
to take an illegal drug for ANY reason at all
Abusing Drugs is VERY Dangerous
Reasons
1. Can make a person lose
control of the ability to
make responsible
decisions.
 People often act
irresponsibly
 People often are violent
2. Can cause a person to
become DEPENDENT!
When dependent, controlled by:
 Psychological desire
 Physical desire
Drug Abuse
When drugs are abused:
1.
People place themselves and everyone
around them in danger
2.
More violent crimes are committed (35% of
all crimes in US are committed while under
the influence of illicit drugs!)
3.
There are more cases of child abuse as well
as other family violence
4.
Drivers are impaired and are just as
dangerous on the road as ones who drive
drunk
The Addiction Process
1) Addicted= when a person’s body has grown so used to
the presence of the drug that it can’t function without it
 Tolerance= a person’s body who regularly uses/abuses a drug
will eventually form a resistance to the substance- meaning the
higher and higher doses of the drug will be required in order to
produce the same effects.
ex- one must begin to take more and more of the
drug in order to get the same “high”
This is the 1st step in the addiction process!
The Addiction Process
2) Dependence= a person’s body needs a
drug to function. It can be physical,
psychological or both
 Physical If one doesn’t get the drug it expects, the body
goes through withdrawal.
 Withdrawal- the body’s reaction when it doesn’t
receive a drug it depends upon
Withdrawal Symptoms
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Nausea
Chills
Depression
Sleeplessness
Seizures (one of most dangerous ones)
The Addiction Process
2) Dependence
(continued)
 Psychological- A
constant desire to take a
psychological drug- have a
constant craving for that
substance
 People often associate
certain drugs with a
feeling of happiness they
can’t find anywhere else
Question: Discuss with your 3
o’clock date
1. At what age do you think drug
education should begin?
Discuss how what you’ve learned
about drugs will help you avoid
pitfalls of drug abuse.
2. Discuss with partner whether
you think learning about the effects
of drugs on the body will deter
teens from taking drugs.
The Effects of Drug Abuse
 Every drug works by influencing a specific body
part
 One you take one of these drugs, you have little
control over the effects it has on you
Lose control
Impaired judgment
Hard time making
important decisions
Difficulty driving
Psychoactive
Drugs of
abuse fall
into several
categories
according to
their effects
on the body
Psychoactive Drugs Categories
1.
Stimulants
A drug that causes alertness and speeds up the
activity of the body
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Caffeine- mildest form so that’s why it’s legal
to buy/use
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Naturally occurring
Found in some colas, tea, coffee, chocolate
When drinking something, you’ll feel the effects
within 30 minutes due to being absorbed into
bloodstream
Stimulates mind and body due to interference
with a chemical the brain produces-adenosine
Can make a person feel irritable, nervous and
unable to sleep
Can lead to tolerance and physical dependence
Can suffer withdrawals
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Headache
Irritability
Drowsiness
anxiety
Psychoactive Drugs Categories
Stimulants Continued
 Cocaine and Crack
 Derived from leaves of the coca
plant
 Used by
• Sniffing
• Injecting (gets to brain faster)
• Smoking - free-base and crack
cocaine (gets to brain faster)
 Produces sense of euphoria
which lasts about 5-10 minutessmoked, and 20 minutes- sniffed
 Deaths that occur are typically
due to
• Cardiac arrest
• Seizures
• Respiratory arrest
Psychoactive Drugs Categories
Stimulants Continued
 Once high is gone, often followed by negative feelings,
which typically last longer than the pleasurable emotions
• Irritability
• Anxiety
• Exhaustion
 So addictive that user wants more of it as soon as it
wears off
 Develop severe psychological dependence
 It constricts blood vessels
• Making it hard for blood to circulate
• Strains heart which leads to heart attack
Stimulants continued
 Amphetamines
 Synthetic –produced
or made in
manufactured labs
 Often prescribed for
neurological disorders
& life-threatening
obesity
 Can result in
• Tolerance
• Psychological
dependence
• Addiction
• Withdrawal –can
cause depression
Stimulants continued
 Amphetamines
 Often illegally made in secret
labs
• Toxic and explosive chemicals
used
• Poses a safety/health risk for all
involved, including innocent
surrounding community
• Not controlled so can have
dangerous concentrations and
impurities
Example: Ice- can be smoked,
which means gets to brain faster
AND effects last several hours
2) Hallucinogens
A drug that distorts a person’s senses
 When on the drug, people:
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Forget where they are
Can’t track time
Think they have special powers
Hallucinate
 Types of drugs:
 LSD
• Made from type of fungus
• Solid in form- tablets or small paper squares
• Effects not easy to predict- sometimes it stimulates, other times it depresses
the body systems
• Feel effect within 30-90 minutes
• Can see or hear things that aren’t really there (this is known as a
hallucination)
• Sometimes the negative effects are so bad, people kill themselves due to
panic, confusion, and anxiousness
• Can feel the effect again later in time. This is a flashback
Types of Hallucinogens continued
 PCP (angel dust)
• Often used sprayed on tobacco or
marijuana
• Causes severe mental disturbances
lasting a few hours to weeks
• Act violently to themselves and
others
 Peyote and Mushrooms
• Often used in native culture in
Mexico/southwestern US
• The cactus contains a drugmescaline which causes:
 Vomiting
 Cramping
 Hallucinations
3) Designer Drugs
Synthetic drugs that are similar in chemistry to certain
illegal drugs
 MDMA also known as Ecstasy
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Illegal
Close to the chemical make up of amphetamines
Causes psychological and physical dependence
Shown to cause brain damage
Effects
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Feel relaxed
Feels happy
Often experiences confusion
Depression
Sleep problems
Severe anxiety
4) Marijuana and Hashish
Organic drugs
Derived from cannabis or hemp plant
People known to be psychologically
dependent, not sure of physical
dependence
User suffers loss of coordination/hard time
concentrating
THC is the dangerous, damaging toxin
5) Inhalants
Chemicals that produce strong psychoactive effects when they are
inhaled
 Examples:
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Paint thinners
Correction fluid
Degreasers
Glue
Gasoline
Aerosol propellants
 Feelings associated
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Lightheadedness
Giddiness
Dizziness
Nausea
headache
 High dosages and long term use can be deadly: suffocation and
heart failure
6) Heroin and Other Narcotics
Narcotics- a drug with pain relieving and
psychoactive properties that is made
from the opium poppy plant
 Some useful for pain relieve and
prescribed by doctors
 Morphine
 Codeine
 Heroin is one that is illegal and very
addictive
 Often risk of overdose (a serious
sometimes fatal reaction to a large
dose of a drug) due to tolerance to the
drug
 Depresses respiratory system which
often leads to death
 A street drug which adds dangers due
to dealers adding other substances to
it- buyers don’t know if it’s pureDANGEROUS
7) Sedative-Hypnotics
Drugs that depress the body systems and cause
sleepiness
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Common names:
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Tranquilizers
Sleeping pills
Sedatives
2 Major kinds:
1.
Barbiturates
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2.
Prescribed to prevent seizures
Very addictive
Illegally bought and sold
Benzodiazepines
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Often called minor tranquilizers
Prescription meds to relieve minor anxiety and insomnia
Drugs and Pregnancy
 Drugs pass into the bloodstream
of the unborn child
 Most dangerous within the first 3
months of pregnancy
 Damages the baby incurs:
 Facial and body deformities
 Retardation in growth and
learning
 Brain damage
 Slowed reflexes
 Severe learning disabilities
 Often babies born to addicts
also are addicted to the drugseen lots in heroin and crack
users
Anabolic Steroids: An artificially made, complex
substance that can temporarily increase muscle size
 Problem in both professional and
amateur sports
 Resembles the male hormone
testosterone
 Originally developed and used to
treat people suffering from types
of anemia, and bone and joint
disorders
 Help gain weight and develop
muscles
 Negative effects include
 Liver and heart damage
 High blood pressure
 Aggressive and violent
behaviors
 Acne
 Hair loss
 Breast development in males
Question: Discuss with your 12
o’clock date
1) Speculate what it would be like
if there were no drug abuse in the
world and discuss with partner.
Treatment for Dependency
Goal of programs- help battle dependency
and figure out why drug abuse started
Don’t try to battle it on your own
Know there is no recovered drug addictonce and addict, always an addict!
Methadone Maintenance Programs:
 Often used by heroin addicts to
help them through the withdrawal
process
 Suppresses symptoms of
withdrawal for 24-32 hours
 Methadone is a narcotic AND
addictive too
 It is legal
 Doesn’t produce euphoria
 Taken orally so avoids issues with
dirty needles and spread of HIV
 Lots of addicts continue to use
heroin with it
 Gradually decrease does until
withdrawal process completed
Inpatient & Outpatient Programs
 Available in hospitals & special treatment
centers
 Patients choice where they do program
 Some programs use drugs such as methadone
to wean patients from their addiction, lots don’t
use any chemicals\
 Programs help patients not only go through
physical withdrawal, but also psychological
dependencies
 One on one counseling
 Group therapy
Self-Help Programs
Programs addicts use
without help of
counselors EX:
Narcotics Anonymous
(similar to AA)
12 step recovery
program
Attend regular meetings
Aims at changing
lifestyles
Each person has a
sponsor for support
Options for Teens
 Most hospitals/ programs have special programs
for teens
 Communities offer state or local councils on
drug abuse to use as referral services
 Many schools have student assistance programs
or at least guidance counselors that help with
addiction issues
 Offer students info
 Often refer them to other places for help
 Refer to intervention counselors (confront addict about
dependency and encourage to seek help)
Question: Discuss with your 6 o’clock
date
Explain what makes drugs of
abuse so attractive that people
will take risks to obtain and use
them. What kinds of personality
traits and experiences make
people most vulnerable to using
drugs?