Transcript Notes and Slides - Riverside Local Schools

Drug Unit
Drug- any chemical substance that alters either the mind or
the body.
Why do people use drugs?
Peer pressure
To rebel
To relax
Escape from reality
Medical Reasons
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What are the 4 general patterns of drug users?
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THE EXPERIMENTER- wanted to try it
REGULAR USER- take to have fun at social gatherings
PREOCCUPIED USER- psychologically depend on it
THE ADDICT- psychologically and physically depend on it
Trends with Teen Drug Use
Drug Use Ages 12+
Dangers of Substance Abuse
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Side effects can range from minor to deadly (reactions to use of drug)
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Synergistic effects- the interaction of 2 or more drugs/medicines that
results in a greater effect than when the drugs are taken independently
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Over dose- a strong or even fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a
drug
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Added risks for contracting diseases (sharing contaminated needles)
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Added risks for unwanted sexual encounters, STDS, or pregnancies
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Negatively affect performance in school, sports, and relationships
– Impairs individual from reaching short and long term goals
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Affects individual’s physical, mental, and social health
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Trouble with the law
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Can harm a developing fetus
Basic Terms related to Drugs
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Substance Abuse- any unnecessary or improper use of a
chemical substance for non medical purposes
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Medicine Misuse- using medicine in ways other than
intended
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Illicit Drug Use- the use or sale of any substances that are
illegal or otherwise not permitted
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Gateway Drugs- drugs that often lead to other serious and
dangerous drug use
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Synthetic Drugs- chemical substances produced artificially
in a laboratory
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Tolerance- needing more of a substance to get the same
effects
Drug Terms/Vocabulary
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Physiological Dependence- the body’s physical need for a drug
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Withdrawal- results when a person is physiologically dependent on
drug and stops using the substance
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Psychological Dependence- person believes they need the drug to
function
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Addiction- involves physiological and psychological dependence on
a drug
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Psychoactive Drugs- Chemicals that affect the CNS and interfere
with the normal functioning of the brain
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Euphoria- a feeling of intense welling being or elation that may be
followed by a ‘crash’ or letdown
Six different categories of
Drugs
1.
Prescription drug- any type of drug prescribed by a doctor
(cannot be used safely without the written approval of a licensed
physician)
– ANTIBIOTICS- fights infection
– ANTI-INFLAMMATORY- helps rid injured area of bad blood and
waste
– PAIN RELIEVERS- helps in coping with pain after surgery
2.
OTC or OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS- any type of drug sold in a
store with a prescription from a doctor
3.
RECREATIONAL DRUGS- any type of drug not illegal
– Alcohol
– Tobacco
– Coffee
4. HERBAL PREPARATIONS- anything natural that is not illegal
– Herbal Tea
– Seaweed wrap
Categories of Drugs
5. ILLEGAL DRUGS (Street Drugs)- any type of drug man
made or natural that is illegal to make, buy, grow or
possess
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cocaine
marijuana
Ecstasy
6. COMMERCIAL TYPE DRUGS- anything used to get ‘high’
with (are legal for intended use)
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cleaning products- paint removers
glue
Ether
Inhalants- are substances whose fumes are sniffed and
inhaled to give a hallucinogenic effect
Inhalants such as nitrites and nitrous oxide have medical
uses, but many are not designed to be taken into the body
Drug SchedulesThe Controlled Substance Act
Classifies medicines for use in the United States into
categories/schedules according to their use and potential for
Abuse
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Schedule 1:
Illegal and Not Prescribed: High potential of abuse
and addiction and NO type of medical use.
(Example= ACID, Heroin, Ecstasy)
Schedule 2:
Written Prescription Required- High potential of
abuse and addiction and a restricted medical use.
(Example= Nitrous Oxide, Morphine)
Schedule 3:
Some potential of abuse and addiction with specific
medical use. (Example= inhalers-asthma)
Schedule 4:
Lower potential of abuse and addiction, wider range
of medical use. (Example= Aspirin)
Schedule 5:
Lowest potential of abuse and addiction, everyday
medical use. (Example= Vitamin)
What are 5 ways of drug
administration?
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Orally- taken by mouth/swallowed
Injection- intravenous
Inhalation- lungs/inhaled
Absorption- skin
Suppositories- rectal walls
Presentations will be done on the following:
Depressants---Stimulants---Marijuana
Hallucinogens---Club Drugs
Narcotics---Inhalants---Anabolic Steroids
TREATMENT TERMINOLOGY
Intervention- When someone who cares for the alcoholic/addict
makes a healthy decision to introduce the process of recovery to
the sick person. It is when one steps into the addict/alcoholics
path and tries to veer their direction to a healthier one. If taken in
he right direction, one may find that a new life has just begun.
Recovery- A lifelong process of change to abstain from alcohol/drug
usage. A character building process which increases the chance of
staying clean and sober.
Relapse- To fall back into the former state of drinking or using once
treatment or recovery has begun. The act of going back to old
behavior or regressing from sobriety.
Sober Living- A semi-structured residential setting of
alcoholics/addicts who have completed treatment and need
continued support for up to a year.
Sobriety- Abstinence from consumption of alcohol or drugs.
Treatment
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Detoxification- first step in treatment- cleans body of the drug
(drying out);removal of drugs from the body
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Maintenance programs- medically supervised doses. (helps
withdrawal)
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Drug Free Programs- group therapy
1. Independent
2. Hospitals
3. Community Health Centers
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Inpatient Programs- medical and psychological care during which
a person stays at a medical or rehab facility
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Outpatient treatment- onsite medical an psychological care for a
person to be drug-free and/or alcohol free
Prevention- answer to abuse- “DON’T START”
Practice Abstinence- To refrain from the usage of chemicals for which a person may
have become addicted.
Support Groups
related to Drug Use
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Families Anonymous- A 12-step, self-help recovery and fellowship of
support groups for relatives and friends of those who have alcohol, drug or
behavioral problems. They share their like experiences, strengths and hope
with each other and with new members.
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Narcotics Anonymous- A self-help organization of individuals who have a
dependence on drugs and want to commit to a life of abstinence. One
addict helping another to achieve the same goal goes a long way and could
save someone’s life.
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Cocaine Anonymous- is a fellowship of men and women who share their
experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their
common problem and help others to recover from their addiction.
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OTHERS
All Addictions Anonymous (alladdictionsanonymous.com)
CrystalMeth Anonymous (CMA) (crystalmeth.org)
Marijuana Anonymous World Services (marijuana-anonymous.org)
Methadone Anonymous Support (MethadoneSupport.org)
Recoveries Anonymous (r-a.org)
STIMULANTS
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CNS Stimulants- Drugs that increase certain functions of the
central nervous system. Users become more alert, active
and nervous.
Amphetamines- (bennies, uppers, and speed) reduces
appetite, combats fatigue and prevents drowsiness
Methamphetamines-(crank, speed, ice) used medically to treat
certain diseases such as Parkinson’s or obesity
Is highly addictive
Cocaine- (snow, coke, and nose candy) gives a sense of
invincibility and is highly addictive
– 1. White powder extracted from the coca bush that grows in
mountainous region of South America
– 2. Crack cocaine is a concentrated, purer form of cocaine that can be
smoked (reaches brain in 7-10 seconds)
DEPRESSANTS
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CNS Depressants (Sedatives)- Drugs that reduce
the action of the heart, central nervous system,
and skeletal muscles
a. Barbiturates- (blue birds, downers, and
goofballs) effects are similar to excessive use of
alcohol
b. Tranquilizers- quieting or calming effect
c. Methaqualone- (ludes, quaaludes and 714’s)
relieves anxiety ‘mello out’
MARIJUANA
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Marijuana- (grass, ganja, Mary Jane, pot, weed)
– Most widely abused illegal drug in this country
– Can lead to amotivational syndrome: Loss of ambition & drive
a. EFFECTS= distorts time and judgment, impairs learning ability and
sports performance, causes hallucinations, and reduces blood
sugar which causes hunger
b. The leaves, buds, and flowers of plant are smoked, chewed, or
eaten for their intoxicating effects
c. Marijuana contains 421 different chemicals
– THC
– (delta-9-therahydrocannabinol)
– The main mind altering ingredient
 Stored in fatty tissue (can remain for weeks)
 Hash (dark brown resin from tops of Cannabis
plants) contains more THC
HALLUCINOGENS
Psychedelics\Hallucinogens –
physical sensations of time and space are altered – fact and
fantasy are confused. (have NO medical use)
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a. L.S.D. – trips last 8 to 10 hours of confusion, anxiety,
depression, and loss of reality from days to months. Can
cause flashbacks.
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b. P.C.P. – (angel dust) effects are unpredictable –
drunkenness, depression, paranoia, violent rages,
coma, and/or death.
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c. Mescaline and Psilocybin- hallucinogenic drugs made in
the tissues of plants
CLUB DRUGS
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Club Drugs –
Usually have severe side effects, brain damage, paralysis, & death ;
are associated with dance clubs and all night parties
Commonly abused club drugs are ecstasy, rohypnol, ghb, and
ketamine.
-Meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens or other drugs
Ecstasy or MDMA- illegal drug that is a stimulant and a hallucinogen.
Not a safe drug. Affects on brain are still unclear. Can cause sharp
rise in body temp, followed by failure of heart and organs, and
even death.
Rohypnol- depresses CNS- colorless, odorless, and tasteless- known
as ‘date-rape-drug’- Can be deadly when mixed with alcohol and
other drugs.
GHB- depress CNS and can be used by sexual predators to sedate
victims
NARCOTICS
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Narcotics (Opiates) – strong painkillers that produce a relaxed,
dreamy state. They are derived from the opium plant. They are highly
addictive.
a. Codeine- the least potent narcotic, is prescribed for mild pain relief
1. Cough medicine
2. Tylenol 3
b. Opium- stronger than codeine, may be prescribed to relieve pain and
control diarrhea.
1. A milky fluid found in the seeds of the opium poppy
c. Morphine- more potent than opium and is one of the strongest
painkillers known. Because it is so addictive, its medical use is strictly
limited by law. Common uses include major surgery and cancer
patients.
d. Heroin- is a white powder made from morphine. It is also more potent
and faster acting than morphine. It is prohibited from medical use in
the U.S.
Most abused narcotic in US.
e. Oxycodone- an especially strong, time released painkiller prescribed
for severe pain.
Inhalants
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Street Names: Rush, Poppers, Climax
DescriptionInhalants are common household and workplace substances that are sniffed or
huffed to give the user an immediate head rush or high. Found in consumer
products such as aerosols plastic cement, fingernail polish remover, lighter
fluid, hair spray, insecticides and cleaning solvents.
Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the chemicals in solvents or aerosol
sprays can directly induce heart failure and death. High concentrations of
inhalants also cause death from suffocation by displacing oxygen in the lungs and
then in the central nervous system so that breathing stops.
People who use inhalants get a quick, giddy head rush. They are cheap and or
readily available making them an easy choice for those who use them. Users feel
slightly stimulated and uninhibited, but within a minute or two, a major headache
comes on (the first indication that this is a bad idea). Hallucinations and numb
hands and feet are often part of the package. Suffocation and sudden death can
occur even on the first time.
Anabolic Steroids
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Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex
hormones. Medical uses of anabolic steroids include some hormone
problems in men, late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases.
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Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic steroids to build
muscles and improve athletic performance. But using them this way
is not legal or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been linked with
many health problems. They range from unattractive to life
threatening and include:
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Acne and cysts
Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men
Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women
Heart problems, including heart attack
Liver disease, including cancer
Aggressive behavior