Transcript How has surgery developed in recent years?

 starter activity
Your teacher will give you a card describing a surgical practice or an individual
who helped develop surgery. Place the card in the correct chronological
position. Now decide which were the 3 most important advances.
Advances in surgery
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Prehistoric (3000 – 2000 BC)
Ancient (2000 BC – 500 AD)
Medieval (500-1400)
Renaissance (1400-1700)
Industrial Age (1700-1900)
Twentieth Century and beyond
The colour
code refers to
the different
periods of
surgery we’ve
studied
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 Your task
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Try to identify factors which helped the advance
of medicine:
War
Technology
Government
Trade
Chance
Individual genius
 Aims
How has surgery
developed in recent
years?
To revise the earlier advances in surgery
To identify the key factors which have led to
improvements in twentieth century surgery
 Your task
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Read p. 173-4 and find out the reasons why surgery has
improved in recent years. Complete a spider diagram
including the following categories:
Improved anaesthetics
Antibiotics
Teamwork
Resources
Keyhole surgery
Microsurgery
Improved anaesthetics
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1930s Helmuth Wesse discovered a method of
injecting anaesthetics into blood stream –
allowing dosage to be controlled and operations
to last longer
Antibiotics
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Discovery & mass production of penicillin
helped to increase success rate of operations
Led to developments in more complex surgical
techniques e.g. transplants and replacement
surgery
Penicillin tablets – extremely difficult to obtain
initially, but now a very common drug
Teamwork
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Dr Christian Barnard (below) – doctor who
pioneered heart transplant surgery required
teams of doctors and who were expert in
different fields from anaesthetics to
cardiography
Resources
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Complex operations very expensive – teams of
surgeons, expensive drugs, aftercare etc.
Government and media question how much
should be spent on healthcare and where
resources should be directed
Should the NHS pay for controversial operations like cosmetic surgery?
Keyhole surgery
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Reduces size of wound created and reduces
chance of infection
Fibre-optics and computer-assisted surgery have
made this approach possible
Microsurgery
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Ability to attach fine blood vessels and nerve
endings, e.g. severed limbs
This picture shows the limb of a
Taiwanese vet which was successfully
reattached following an incident at a zoo
in Taiwan in 2007
 Plenary
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What were some of the greatest steps forward in
surgery that we have studied?
Why has modern surgery improved so much?