Transcript Health Psychology

Chapter 3: Seeking
Health Care
Health Psychology
Leah Bray
I. Theories of Healthy
Behaviors
Health Belief Model
 Theory of Reasoned Action
 Theory of Planned Behavior
 Precaution Adoption Process Model
 Transtheoretical Model
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Health Belief Model
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Susceptibility to disease
__________ of disease
Benefits of behaviors
Barriers to behaviors
Problems
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Perceived health risks
Level of optimism
Perceived personal control
Ethnic background
Theory of Reasoned Action
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Attitude toward behavior
Subjective norm
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DFN: perception of social pressure
Motivation to comply
__________ ___-immediate determinant
Problems
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Ignores:
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Ethnicity
SES
Access to health care
Theory of Planned Behavior
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Theory of Reasoned Action
+ Perceived __________
Precaution Adoption
Process Model (Weinstein’s)
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7 stages:
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__________
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aware but believe not at risk (optimistic
bias)
accept personal risk & idea of precaution
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Precaution Adoption (cont.)
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action
(believe action is unnecessary)
made changes
maintain changes
Transtheoretical Model
(Prochaska’s)
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5 stages of behavior change:
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precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
______________
Model Weaknesses
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Behavior determined by other factors
Consistent, accurate measurement tools
__________
Models predict behavior for one disorder,
not another
Weaknesses (cont.)
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Barriers beyond understanding of
researchers
Not everyone seeks medical care on their
own (e.g., _______________, children,
elderly)
Disease vs. Illness
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DFN: Disease- process of physical
damage within the body; can exist w/o dx
DFN: Illness- experience of being sick &
dx as sick
II. Seeking Medical Attention
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DFN: Illness behavior = __________,
determining health status
DFN: Sick role behavior = __________,
trying to get well
What Affects Pt Response?
1)Personal factors
2)Gender
3) ________
4)Socioeconomic & cultural factors
5)Characteristics of sxs
6)Conceptualization of disease
Conceptualizing Illness
(Leventhal)
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5 components:
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________________
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Time course (of disease & tx)
Cause
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Conceptualizing (cont.)
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Consequence
Controllability
People feel less anxious & helpless when
they __________
B. Sick Role
Conceptualizations
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Segall’s rights & duties
 Right to make health decisions
 Right to be relieved of normal
______________________
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Right to become dependent on others
Segall’s Duties
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Duty to maintain health & get well
Duty to perform routine health care
management
Duty to use health ______________
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Ideal, not realistic
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Access to Health Care
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Medicare- Americans over 65
Medicaid- low income, physical probs.
Poor people- < likely to ______ healthcare
> likely to have chronic prob.
< willing to seek care b/c of $
C. Choosing a Practitioner
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What’s important?
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__________
__________
__________
What has Changed?
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Outpatient vs. Inpatient (gallblader
removal, ECT, IV drug therapy)
Hospital stays shorter-save $$
Better technology
Patients express concern
III. Being in the Hospital
A.
•
The Hospitalized
Patient Role
Nonperson Tx =
________________
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Lack of info
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Leventhal’s 5
Loss of control
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______________= every aspect of person’s
life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping,
schedule)
“Good” vs. “Bad” Patient
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Good:
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quiet
submissive
obedient
Pros: maybe better care, well liked,
expect.s
Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff
may miss info
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Bad:
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demanding
insist on __________
aware of rights
Pros: may be a psych. healthy response,
better informed
Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry
& ignoring
Stressful Medical ProceduresCoping
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Information
Relaxation Training
__________ __-especially effective for
children