Novel Detoxification from Opiates
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Transcript Novel Detoxification from Opiates
Novel Opiate Detoxification
Techniques
Ken Roy, MD
Tulane Department of Psychiatry
Addiction Recovery Resources of New Orleans
504-780-2766
www.arrno.com
Topics
The Physiology of Opiate Detoxification
The Natural History of Detoxification
Novel detoxification techniques
Management of Detoxification induced by
Naltrexone
Treatment and Long Term Recovery
Physiology of Opiate
Detoxification
Limbic System
Locus Ceruleus
Gut and Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Limbic System
Opiate Agonist
Euphoria
Sedation
Satiety
Detoxification
Dysphoria
Agitation
Craving
Locus Ceruleus
Opiate Agonist
Unconcerned
Anergic
Hypotensive/Bradycardic
Detoxification
Hypervigilant
Hyperalert
Hypertensive/Tachycardic
Gut and Smooth Muscle
Opiate Agonist
Relaxed tone
Reduced sensation
Constipation
Detoxification
Spasm
Hypersensitive
Diarrhea
Skeletal Muscle
Opiate Agonist
Relaxed tone
Reduced sensation
Comfortable
Detoxification
Spasm
Painful
Akathisia
Principles of Detoxification
Use a drug with a long half-life and low
abuse potential
Use a drug that is smoothly eliminated
Replace the abused drug with the detox
drug
Initiate drug free treatment
Taper the detox drug
Natural History of Detoxification
Scared, Anxious, Desperate, Agitated (days)
Sick, Whinny, Needy (days to weeks)
Pain, Cramps, Spasms, Nausea, Diarrhea
(days)
Angry, Drug seeking, Hungry, Craving
(weeks)
Chronic Euphoric Recall (weeks to months)
Severity of Detoxification
Depends on the potential for addiction
Darvon may be low grade but long
Vicodin/Percodan usually moderate
Heroin is severe
Methadone is the worst
Length of Acute Detoxification
Depends on the half life of the drug
Fentanyl may be very short
Vicodin/Percodan lasts a week or so
Heroin about the same
Methadone lasts a month
Subacute Detoxification
Length depends on the half life of the drug
Methadone may be months to a year
Chronic nagging craving
Chronic euphoric recall
Chronic dysphoria
Most frequent period of relapse
Drugs to use
Limbic system
Geodon, Zyprexa, anticonvulsants
Dysphoria, agitation, craving
Responsible for anger
Locus Ceruleus
Catapres (Clonidine)
Most important drug in the first phase
Need to train staff to give enough
Can give up to 2.4mg in 24 hours
Zanaflex
More Drugs to use
Gut and smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Bentyl, Sandostatin, Zofran
Vistaril
Zanaflex, Flexaril
NSAID’s
General agitation
Xanax, Ativan, Zyprexa, Geodon
Types of Novel Detoxification
Ultra Rapid Detoxification under anesthesia
Rapid induction of detoxification using
Naltrexone
Brief detoxification with Buprenorphine
Ibogaine
Detoxification With
Buprenorphine
Now, if you apply for an exemption to
prescribe, rational detoxification is possible
Some will tolerate rapid detoxification (one
to two weeks)
Some will require stabilization prior to
detoxification
Buprenorphine is a great detoxification
medication
Maintenance With
Buprenorphine
Partial agonist
Binds to and activates receptor, but increasing
dose only results in partial activation
More competitively bound than almost all
mu receptor drugs
Blocks Heroin and other opioids
Induces detox in Heroin/Methadone patient
unless they are already sick
Maintenance With
Buprenorphine
Because of firm binding to receptor is
literally metabolized from the site
Detoxification symptoms are much more
tolerable
Patients may become involved in treatment,
NA and Recovery and simply “drop off”
into continued Recovery
Rationale for Rapid
Detoxification With Naltrexone
Shorten acute detox
Eliminate subacute detox
Evidence for increased Beta Endorphins while taking
Naltrexone
Group participation while in very early treatment
Over in hours to days
Patients aware that detox is over
Reduce drug seeking behavior
Natural History of Detoxification
Following Naltrexone Protocol
Scared, Anxious, Desperate, Agitated
(obscure)
Sick, Whinny, Needy (4-24hrs)
Pain, Cramps, Spasms, Nausea, Diarrhea (424hrs)
Angry, Drug seeking, Hungry, Craving
(hours to a day)
Chronic Euphoric Recall (don’t see it)
How it Goes
Stabilize on Buprenorphine
Give loading doses
One or more days
Treat detoxification symptoms in advance
in 1/2 hour give Naltrexone 150mg
Vigorously treat emerging symptoms with
PRN’s
ON ADMISSION – IN ADDITION TO
ROUTINE ADMIT ORDERS
Buprenorphine 0.6 mg SL now and Q2h while awake.
Thorazine 50mg IM or PO Q6h prn nausea or vomiting or
agitation.
Bentyl 20mg IM or PO Q6h prn cramping abdominal pain.
Zanaflex 8mg Q4h prn skeletal muscle cramps, diaphoresis,
piloerection or signs or symptoms of opiate detoxification.
Imodium caps 2 Q6h prn diarrhea.
Seroquel 100mg PO qhs. Observe for orthostatic hypotension.
Catapres 0.1mg q1/2h prn pulse >80 up to 2.4mg/24 hrs.
Sandostatin 100mcg SC q4h prn nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Phenobarbital 90 mg q2h prn tremor or pulse > 110.
IF SEDATIVE AND/OR ALCOHOL
DEPENDENCE ALSO PRESENT
1.
Change admit Phenobarbital order to 90mg PO on admit
and Q8h @ 6am, 2pm and 10pm
WHEN READY TO START DETOX
Xanax 2mg PO now.
Zanaflex 8mg PO now.
Bentyl 20mg IM now.
Thorazine 50mg IM now.
Sandostatin 100mcg SC now.
Imodium caps 2 now.
Buprenorphine 0.6mg SL now.
Naltrexone 150mg PO in ½ hour and 50mg qam.
DC Buprenorphine after above.
Catapres 0.2mg with first dose of Naltrexone and continue previous prn Catapres order.
Notify for pulse over 90 or diastolic over 90.
Xanax 2mg PO q2h prn agitation in next 12 hours only, up to four prn doses total.
DC all prn’s 72 hours following first dose of Naltrexone
What to expect
Initial sleepiness
Emerging profound acute detoxification
symptoms
Period of lethargy and exhaustion
Lasting 4 to 24 hours
2nd day
Period of anger
Group readiness
Following Detoxification
Now treatment can start
Should be criteria based
IOP (ARRNO, NFI, etc.)
RTC (ARRNO)
Support system involvement crucial
Recommend Naltrexone for 6-12 mos.
Experience
More than 4000 cases
Four transfers to ER
Two for dehydration
Two for over sedation
None in last four years
No deaths (within the month following detox) or
permanent morbidity
Perceived equal success in drug free recovery to
persons addicted to other drugs