Transcript drug-taking behavior.

Chapter 1
Drugs, and Behavior Today
At the Completion of This Class,
You Should Be Familiar With the Following:
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Basic terminology concerning drugs
and drug-taking behavior.
The origins and history of drugs and
drug-taking behavior.
Objective Cont’d.
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Possible reasons why people take or
do not take drugs.
Current trends in drug-taking
behavior.
Basic Definitions
 Drug — a chemical substance that, when taken
into the body, alters the structure or functioning
of the body in some way, excluding those
nutrients considered to be related to normal
functioning
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Psychoactive drugs:a drug that influences the
functioning of the brain and hence our behavior
and experience
TWO TYPES OF DRUG USE
•
INSTRUMENTAL USE
A person is taking a drug with a specific
socially-approved goal in mind.
•
RECREATIONAL USE
A person is taking a drug for the sole
purpose of experiencing its psychoactive
properties (e.g., to get “high”).
FOUR CATEGORIES OF
DRUG-TAKING BEHAVIOR
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Illicit drug/instrumental use
•
Illicit drug/recreational use
•
Licit drug/instrumental use
•
Licit drug/recreational use
Drugs-Examples
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Licit drugs: alcohol, nicotine and
caffeine.
Illicit drugs: heroin, cocaine, marijuana,
and LSD.
Definitions (Cont’d)
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Drug dependence: intense craving and a
need to increase quantities for the same
effect.
Drug misuse: impairment of mental,
physical, emotional, or social well-being due
to inappropriate use.
Definitions (Cont’d)
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Drug Abuse: continued
deliberate use leading into
impairment
Drugs in Earlier Times
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Curiosity kill the.
Shamanism: systemic drug use, trances
and plant-based medicines.
Placebo effect: improvement based on
belief, not the effectiveness of the drug.
Drugs in the Nineteenth
Century
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Problems: widespread use and
uncontrolled access to psychoactive
drugs; Opium and cocaine through patent
medicines.
Morphine (GOM): popular prescription for
pain. Heroin was advertised as a
completely safe remedy for common
ailments.
Drugs in the Nineteenth
Century
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Prohibition era (1920-1933)
resulted in an increase in illicit drug
abuse.
Drugs & Behavior From
1945 to 1960
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1940’s-medical revolution: antibiotic
drugs, and birth of chemotherapy.
1954-1st generation of Thorazine.
Drugs & Behavior From
1945 to 1960
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Recreational-smoking was sexy &
romantic, two martini lunch, social
drinking was at it PEAK!
Unawareness: nicotine & alcohol
consumption was – drug-taking
behavior.
Drugs and Behavior Since
1960
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Freedom: birth control pills.
Marijuana, uppers, and downers
@ peak.
Drugs and Behavior Since
1960
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Hippies to yuppies; Heroine
overshadow by cocaine
(expensive aura of glamour).
Crack-cheaper, smokable form of
cocaine.
Drug in Our Society
Today
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51% consume alcohol
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29% smoke cigarettes
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6% use illegal drugs on a regular basis
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Increase of illegal usage by youths (1217 yrs)
Old Drugs, New Drugs
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Since 1991, cocaine declined in the
USA, heroin is on an upswing.
Old habits-new danger (infectionHIV).
Old Drugs, New Drugs
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Club drugs-LSD,Ecstasy,... &
Alcohol.
Dietary supplements-enhance
mood, energize the mind, relieve
feeling of anxiety.
Ephedrine – expand bronchial
tubes, increase blood pressure and
heart rate.
6 Classifications of
Psychoactive Drugs
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Narcotics
Depressants
Stimulants
Psychedelics/hallucinogens
Marijuana
Inhalants
Drug Problems:
Health-related Consequences
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Delay in medical treatment
Reduction in personal problemsolving effectiveness
Additional health problems (i.E.,
Toxic reaction, panic, flashback,
mental disorders)
Suicide
HIV/aids
Current Drug Overview
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After 10 years of decline, drug
usage is up….Why???
Current Drug Overview
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American youths are experimenting
more often than before.
Marijuana and new designer drugs are
preferred over other drugs.
Future Drug Prospective
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Predictions are based on current
usage of our youths
Role of parents
Future Drug Prospective
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Federal government
programs/spending
Societal attitudes