Transcript Higher Persuasive PPT

Persuasive
Writing
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
The Internet
Step 1:
Background: It is widely recognised that there is a massive issue with
alcohol in Scotland at the moment. Underage drinking is rife and
causes many social problems. Drinking-related illnesses cost the NHS
millions of pounds each year. In almost all countries in the world,
adults are allowed to buy and drink alcohol with very little restriction
(although there are laws about the exact hours that bars and shops
are allowed to sell alcohol, and laws against drinking and driving).
This is in contrast to the legal situation with regard to other mindaltering (or ‘psycho-active’) drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy,
acid, and heroin.
Consider: What are the advantages or disadvantages of banning
alcohol altogether?
Task: Write a persuasive essay arguing whether or not banning
alcohol would solve the social problems caused by drinking.
Step 2: Ponder
Think about what you opinions are of the
proposal that alcohol should be banned.
One way to navel gaze!
Step 3: Prepare Your Notes.
Fold your
paper into 4
squares.
Step 4: Further Prepare Your Notes.
Unfold the paper and draw a box in the
centre. In the central box write a sentence
to convey your stand.
Stepone
Complete
the graphic
Write
Write
another
Example:
It3:
is just
Example:
In many
countries
alcohol
is athink
reason
you
think
reason
you
organizer.
as addictive as
contributory factor in 60alcohol
should
alcohol
70%
of violent should
crimes.
other drugs.
be banned.
be banned.
The sale and consumption of alcohol should be made
illegal to overcome the social problems drinking it
causes.
It is important that we take action to
Example:
We need consistency in
Write
another
make alcohol illegal now. It is just as
our drug laws. If cannabis, which is not
Summarize
harmful and addictive as illegal drugs,
very
addictive
and
which
results
in
reason you think
such as heroin. If it was banned, it would
virtually no violent crime or public
your
reasons.
mean that 3
we would
be more consistent
disorder, needs
to be banned because of
alcohol
should
in our approach to mind-altering drugs.
its mind-altering effects, then how much
Finally, it contributes to all manner of
morebanned.
so should alcohol be banned.
be
crimes, which otherwise might be
prevented.
Example
:
In many countries alcohol is
Step
3:
Complete
the
graphic
Write
details
Example:
It is3just
as
aWrite
contributory
in 60-70% of
3 factor
details
violent crimes.
addictive
as other
about
this drugs.
organizer.
about this
• Heroin
reason.
• Cocaine
reason
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
• Murder.
• Cannabis
The sale and consumption of alcohol should be made
illegal to overcome the social problems drinking it causes.
Example: We need consistency in our drug
laws.
Write 3 details
• We recognise the destructive effect of
about this
heroin on families by banning it.
• Cocainereason.
is used recreationally, like alcohol,
• Cannabis is banned.
yet is banned.
It is important that we take action to make
alcohol illegal now. It is just as harmful and
addictive as illegal drugs, such as heroin. If
it was banned, it would mean that we would
be more consistent in our approach to mindaltering drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
manner of crimes, which otherwise might be
prevented.
Summarize
your 3 reasons.
Example:Step
It is just
as Complete the
3:
Elaborate
on
addictive as other
organizer.
drugs.one detail.
• Heroin
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
graphic
ELABORATE
The sale and consumption of alcohol should be made
illegal to overcome the social problems drinking it
causes.
Step 3: Complete the graphic
Elaborate on
organizer.
Example: In many countries alcohol is a
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release ofStatistics
show
that alcohol
contributory
factor
in
60-70%
of violent
dopamine - a chemical which produces
crimes.a direct part in about a
feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the plays
production of the brain's natural painkiller - quarter of domestic violence
• Child abuse
endorphin - which scientists think could be
• Domestic violence
cases.
ELABORATE
the means by which the brain becomes
• Murder.
trained to crave the drug. All this is very
similar to the effects of heroin.
one detail.
The sale and consumption of alcohol should be
made illegal to overcome the social problems
drinking it causes.
Statistics
show that alcohol
Step 3: Complete
the graphic
plays a direct part in about a
organizer.
quarter of domestic violence
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release
of dopamine - a chemical which produces
feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the
production of the brain's natural painkiller endorphin - which scientists think could be
the means by which the brain becomes
trained to crave the drug. All this is very
similar to the effects of heroin.
cases.
The sale and consumption of alcohol should be
made illegal to overcome the social problems
drinking it causes.
Cannabis
almostinno
Example: Wecauses
need consistency
oursocial
drug
laws.
problems and is not addictive, yet
is still banned. Alcohol, on the
• Cannabis is banned.
ELABORATE
other
hand,
was
directly
involved
• We recognise the destructive effect of
heroin
on families
by in
banning
it. alone
in 6,541
deaths
England
•inCocaine
2007.is used recreationally, like alcohol,
Elaborate on one
detail.
yet is banned.
Step 5: Add transitions.
Firstly,
Moreover,
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
A list of
transition
words is online!
Step 6: From your notes to the paper.
Firstly,
Moreover,
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
Each square
will become
a paragraph.
Step 6: From your notes to the paper.
• The
introductory
paragraph (the
centre box)
sums up each
reason.
It is widely recognised that there is a
massive issue with alcohol in Scotland at
the moment. Underage drinking is rife and
causes many social problems. Teenagers
create disturbances in the street and
intimidate law-abiding passers-by.
Drinking-related illnesses cost the NHS
millions of pounds each year. In almost all
countries in the world, adults are allowed
to buy and drink alcohol with very little
restriction. This is in direct contrast to the
legal situation with regard to other mindaltering drugs such as cannabis, cocaine,
ecstasy, acid, and heroin. This situation
cannot be allowed to continue. The sale
and consumption of alcohol has to be
made illegal to overcome the social
problems drinking it causes.
Step 6: From your notes to the paper.
• Begin the
introductory
paragraph with
a hook.
In the UK, 24% of people are considered to be
“hazardous drinkers”. How can we let such a large
percentage of people devastate their health, their
society and ruin the lives of others? It is widely
recognised that there is a massive issue with alcohol
in Scotland at the moment. Underage drinking is rife
and causes many social problems. Teenagers create
disturbances in the street and intimidate lawabiding passers-by. Drinking-related illnesses cost
the NHS millions of pounds each year. In almost all
countries in the world, adults are allowed to buy and
drink alcohol with very little restriction. This is in
direct contrast to the legal situation with regard to
other mind-altering drugs such as cannabis, cocaine,
ecstasy, acid, and heroin. This situation cannot be
allowed to continue. The sale and consumption of
alcohol has to be made illegal to overcome the
social problems drinking it causes.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Firstly,
Moreove
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Next Paragraph
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Firstly, alcohol is just as addictive as
Next Paragraph
other drugs. Heroin, cocaine and cannabis have all
been shown to have very similar effects to
alcohol. Why would we continue to keep alcohol
legal, when it has the same mid-altering effects as
many illegal drugs? Just like heroin, alcohol
triggers the release of dopamine - a chemical
which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also
increases the production of the brain's natural
painkiller - endorphin - which scientists think
could be the means by which the brain becomes
trained to crave the drug. All this is very similar to
the effects of otherwise illegal drugs. It also
makes it highly addictive. It seems absurd that
anyone in their right mind would want to keep a
mid-altering drug, which endangers the user and
others, legal.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Firstly,
Moreov
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
Next Paragraph
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Next Paragraph
Moreover, alcohol significantly
increases the chances of a violent
crime being committed. Alcohol is a
contributory factor in 65-70% of
violent crimes, such as child abuse
and murder. For instance, statistics
from the U.S. show that alcohol is a
factor in around a quarter of
domestic abuse cases. It is clear that
if we want a more peaceful, more
ordered society that alcohol has to be
removed from it.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Firstly,
Moreov
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
Next Paragraph
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Next Paragraph
Furthermore, it is about time that we
achieved some consistency with our laws
on drugs. We recognise the damage
heroin does to society by banning it.
Cocaine, just like alcohol, is also used
recreationally, yet is still illegal. Cannabis
causes almost no social problems and is
not addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol,
on the other hand, was directly involved in
6,541 deaths in England alone in 2007.
This means that if we continue to allow
people to drink alcohol, that we are
nothing but hypocrites. We can’t ban one
“bad” drug and not another. By not
banning alcohol we risk great damage to
society and show inconsistency.
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Firstly,
Moreov
Example: It is just as
addictive as other drugs.
• Heroin
Just like heroin, alcohol triggers the release of
dopamine - a chemical which produces feelings
of satisfaction. It also increases the production
of the brain's natural painkiller - endorphin which scientists think could be the means by
which the brain becomes trained to crave the
drug. All this is very similar to the effects of
heroin.
• Cocaine
• Cannabis
Example: In many countries
alcohol is a contributory factor
in 60-70% of violent crimes.
• Child abuse
• Domestic violence
Statistics show that alcohol plays a direct
part in about a quarter of domestic
violence cases.
• Murder.
Furthermore,
The sale and consumption of alcohol
should be made illegal to overcome
the social problems drinking it causes.
For these
reasons,
Example: We need consistency in
It is important that we take action
our drug laws.
to make alcohol illegal now. It is
• Cannabis is banned.
just as harmful and addictive as
Cannabis causes almost no social problems and is not
addictive, yet is still banned. Alcohol, on the other
illegal drugs, such as heroin. If it
hand, was directly involved in 6,541 deaths in England
was banned, it would mean that
alone in 2007.
we would be more consistent in
• We recognise the destructive
our approach to mind-altering
effect of heroin on families by
drugs. Finally, it contributes to all
banning it.
• Cocaine is used recreationally, manner of crimes, which otherwise
might be prevented.
like alcohol, yet is banned.
Summary Paragraph
Step 6: From your notes to paper.
Summary
Paragraph
Ending PUNCH
For these reasons, it is
important that we take action to
make alcohol illegal now. It is just
as harmful and addictive as illegal
drugs, such as heroin. If it was
banned, it would mean that we
would be more consistent in our
approach to mind-altering drugs.
Finally, it contributes to all manner
of crimes, which otherwise might
be prevented.
Ban alcohol and save our society
from further ruin!
Step 7: Vocabulary
Review your paragraphs.
Can you add adjectives
(describing words)
and interesting adverbs
(describing action words)?
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
Step 7: Vocabulary
BEFORE:
Many resources are used
caring for those injured as
a result of being drunk.
AFTER:
Many precious resources
are exhausted caring for
those seriously injured as
a result of being stupidly
and carelessly drunk.
Step 7: Vocabulary
Remember: The more
sophisticated vocabulary you
use the better your writing.
How can you “pull the
heartstrings” of the reader?
bad
dreadful
Step 8: Visual Expression
Use metaphors and
similes to give your
essay more visual
expression.
The
cost
of
alcoholism
to
The cost of alcoholism
the health care system is
to the health care
massive; it drains the
system
is
great.
tank of our economy like
a leaking tap.
Step 9: Use of Rhetorical Devices
1. Rhetorical question
Can we really expect the school to keep paying from its limited resources?
2. Emotive language
Imagine being cast out into the street, cold, lonely and frightened.
3. Parallel structures
To show kindness is praiseworthy; to show hatred is evil.
4. Sound patterns
Alliteration: Callous, calculating cruelty – is this what we must expect?
Assonance: A fine time we all had, too.
5. Contrast
Sometimes we have to be cruel to be kind.
6. Description and Imagery (i.e. using metaphor, simile and personification)
While we wait and do nothing, we must not forget that the fuse is already burning.
7. The ‘rule of three’
I ask you, is this fair, is it right, is it just?
8. Repetition
Evil minds will use evil means.
9. Hyperbole (using exaggeration for effect)
While we await your decision, the whole school holds its breath.
10. Anecdote
Using a story from your experience to illustrate a point or idea.
Step 9: Use of Rhetorical Devices
1. Rhetorical question
2. Emotive language
3. Parallel structures
4. Sound patterns
5. Contrast
6. Description and Imagery
7. The ‘rule of three’
8. Repetition
9. Hyperbole
10. Anecdote
Step 9: Reread Your Work
Reread your work to make sure you have:
Taken a stand and stay on the topic
Given your reasons in the introductory paragraph
Have paragraphs that support each reason
Elaborate on a reason in each paragraph
Have a summary paragraph that restates your reasons
Begin each paragraph with a transition word
Include adjectives, adverbs, similes, metaphors and other
rhetorical devices.