Transcript Document

ARQ part II data
management
Training pack 2:
Monitoring
drug abuse for
policy and practice
Monitoring
• Monitoring is the systematic observation
(surveillance) of defined aspects of reality
for the purpose of:
(in policy and practice)
– Signalling changes that may call for
responses (interventions)
– Evaluating the effects of responses
(in research)
– Explaining changes
Context
• Evidence-based policy and practice is growing in
importance
• Monitoring is needed for evidence-based policy and
practice:
– To assess situations and developments
– To define targets
– To evaluate and adapt policies and interventions
– To justify interventions and resource allocations
Objects of drug
monitoring
For the ARQ, part II, the objects of drug
monitoring are:
• The extent and patterns of drug abuse
• The negative health consequences of drug
abuse
Other objects of monitoring:
• The extent and reach of interventions
• The results of interventions
• The social and economic costs of drug
abuse
Responses
to drug abuse
The main fields of intervention are:
• Law enforcement
• Prevention
• Harm reduction
• Treatment and rehabilitation
Conceptual
framework
Responses
Drug use and problems
Data sources
NON-USERS
POPULATION SURVEYS
PRIMARY
PREVENTION
EVER USERS
SCHOOL SURVEYS
CURRENT USERS
DEPENDENT
USERS
DRUG
TREATMENT
PROBLEM
USERS
HARM
REDUCTION
KNOWN
USERS
HEALTH SURVEYS
RISK GROUP SURVEYS
CASE FINDING
STUDIES
TREATMENT DATA
POLICE DATA
CLIENT SURVEYS
DRUG LAW
ENFORCEMENT
GENERAL
HEALTH AND
SOCIAL CARE
HEALTH AND SOCIAL
EFFECTS
MORTALITY DATA
MORBIDITY DATA
SOCIAL SURVEYS
Drug monitoring
system
Elements of a drug monitoring system:
• Objectives
• Indicators
• Data collection
• Analysis
• Reporting
• Interpretation
Objectives
• “Why?” precedes and defines “what?”,
“when?” and “how?”
Examples:
– Defining policy targets
– Planning interventions
– Allocating resources
– Evaluating policy strategies
– Evaluating the effects of interventions
Indicators
• Drug abuse and drug problems too complex
• Indicators are selected and used as
descriptors of reality
• Monitoring drug abuse and drug problems is
monitoring indicator data
• Indicators must be:
– Valid
– Considered appropriate by experts
Data collection
Drug use/interventions




Indicator data
Existing quantitative data
Informed expert opinions
Purposive estimates
Qualitative studies
 Patterns of drug use
 Drug-related problems
 Extent of interventions
Selection
Retrieval
Relevant environment
 Population statistics
 Socio-economic statistics
 Studies on attitudes, etc.
Context information
Analysis
Different types of analysis:
• Trends and differences (statistical analysis)
• Influence of environment (explanation)
• Effects of interventions (evaluation)
• Construction of additional indicators
– Continuation of drug abuse
– Incidence of (problem) drug use
Reporting
Requirements for reporting the results of
monitoring:
• Data formats must be systematic and
consistent
• The results of the analysis must be
reported
• The objectives of the monitoring must be
addressed
• The margins of error and possible bias
must be stated
Interpretation
• What do the observed changes and
developments mean for policy and
practice?
• Recommendations on policies and
intervention strategies
Network
of monitors
Experts
Data collectors
Field workers
Researchers
Data
Conclusions
Discussion
Interpretation
Recommendations
Coordination
Stakeholders
Government
administration
Police
Treatment
Health services
Setting up a
monitoring system
• Assess capacities and resources (information,
needs and resources analysis)
• Create a network of experts and stakeholders
• Define your objectives
• Assess the starting or baseline situation (rapid
situation assessment)
• Select indicators (ARQ, IDIS)
• Make a feasible implementation plan for data
collection, analysis, reporting and interpretation
IDIS, including
INRA
www.unodc.org/pdf/gap_toolkit
_module1.pdf
Integrated drug information system
(IDIS), including information, needs and
resources analysis (INRA)
Rapid situation
assessments
ARQ Part II
www.unodc.org/pdf/cnd_q
uest/arq_part2_2002.doc