Transcript Illegal Drugs - South Eastern School District

Illegal Drugs
Some things you need to
know.
1
Health Ed. II-Mrs. Fisher
2
3 classes of Illegal Drugs

Class A Drugs
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are the most addictive and harmful
Examples: cocaine, crack, meth, ecstasy, heroin,
LSD
Class B drugs prepared for injection
Just having a class A drug in your pocket can get
you up to seven years in prison.
If you sell a class A drug you will be classified as a
dealer.
Someone who is caught dealing drugs could get
sentenced to life in prison.
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
3
3 classes of Illegal Drugs
 Class




B Drugs
Examples: amphetamines (speed),
barbiturates, cannabis, codeine
Very harmful and addictive
If found with a Class B, can receive up to 5
years in prison.
Dealers will receive up to 14 years in prison
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw;
http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcohol/get_the_facts.html
4
3 classes of Illegal Drugs
 Class



C Drugs
Includes tranquilizers and steroids
Can get up to 2 years in prison for
possession
Dealers can get up to 14 years in prison.
http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcoho
l/get_the_facts.html
5
Marijuana-What is it?


Mixture of dried and shredded leaves, stems,
seeds and flowers of the cannabis sativa
plant.
Contains the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) along with 400 other chemicals

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THC is psychoactive (mind altering)
The amount of THC determines the strength or
potency of marijuana
THC content has increased since the 1970s.
From reports of confiscated marijuana in 2007,
the THC content averages almost 10%
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.
php
6
Marijuana-Street names
 Pot
 Grass
 Herb
 Weed
 Mary
Jane
 Reefer
 Skunk
 boom
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.
php
7
Marijuana-How is it used?
 Most

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
commonly smoked
“joint” or “nail”-rolled into a cigarette
“Bong”-smoked through a water pipe
“Blunt”-cigar hollowed out and filled with
marijuana
 some
food.
users brew it as tea or mix it with
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.
php
8
What do they look like?
 Joint
blunt
bong
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Marijuana-Short term effects
 Initial

“high”-pleasant feelings
THC triggers release of dopamine (creates
good feelings).
 Loss
of coordination/balance-cerebellum
 Memory/learning-hippocampus
 Judgment/decision making
 Perception
 Increase in heart rate
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.
php
10
Marijuana-effects on the brain


Ability to perform complex tasks is
compromised.
Early use of marijuana increases risk to
develop psychosis if there is a genetic
vulnerability

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
Loss of contact with reality, delusions (false
ideas about what is happening), and
hallucinations
Associated with depression and anxiety
People get addicted to the increase of
dopamine (produces happy feelings)
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj2.
php
11
Cocaine/Crack-What is it?
 Stimulant
 Cocaine
is a powder form of a
hydrochloride salt made from the leaf of
a coca plant
 Crack is the smokable form of cocaine


Processed with ammonia or baking soda
and water
Then it is heated to remove the
hydrochloride
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim
1.php
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Cocaine/Crack-Street Names
 Blow
 Coke
 Snow
 Nose
candy
 Big
C
 Powder
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
13
Cocaine/Crack-How is it
abused?
 Snorting-through
nose. Absorbed through
nasal tissues into blood stream.
 Injecting
 Smoking
**all three methods can lead to addiction
and other health problems
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/dru
gfacts/cocaine
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Cocaine/Crack-short term
effects
increased energy
 Increase body temperature
 Constricts blood vessels
 reduced fatigue
 mental alertness
 Increase blood pressure
 Increase heart rate
**all due to the fact that cocaine is a stimulant
**the faster cocaine is absorbed into bloodstream
and delivered to the brain, the more intense the high

http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/dru
gfacts/cocaine
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Cocaine/Crack-Long term
effects
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
headaches
gastrointestinal complications such as
abdominal pain and nausea
Malnourishment-tends to decrease appetite
If snorted-loss of the sense of smell,
nosebleeds, problems with swallowing,
hoarseness, chronically runny nose
Users can experience heart attack or stroke
which can lead to sudden death
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/dru
gfacts/cocaine
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Methamphetamine-What is it?
 Central
nervous system stimulant (very
powerful)
 Comes in clear crystals or powder
 Easily dissolves in water
 Street names: ice, speed, chalk, crystal,
tweak, poor man’s cocaine, stove top
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim
1.php
17
Meth-effects on the brain
 Effects
short- and long-term memory by
changing the structure of the brain.
 Meth users have delusions and
hallucinations

Hear voices, feel as though they have bugs
crawling under their skin, paranoia
 Highly
addictive-trains the brain to think
that meth is the only way to feel good
 Meth brain
http://www.methproject.org/answers/whatdoes-meth-do-to-your-brain.html#BrainDamage
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Meth-what does it do to your
body?
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Rots your teeth
Causes your hair to fall out
Raises body temp
Severely increases heart rate and blood
pressure
Lose muscle tone and bone density
Graying skin, open sores, and acne
Involuntary muscle contractions,
uncontrollable twitching, strange movements
Meth body
http://www.methproject.org/answers/whatdoes-meth-do-to-your-body.html#Body-byMeth
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Meth-short term effects
o
o
o
o
o
including increased wakefulness
increased physical activity
decreased appetite
increased respiration, rapid heart rate,
irregular heartbeat, increased blood
pressure
hyperthermia
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
20
Meth-long term effects
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extreme weight loss
severe dental problems (“meth mouth”)
anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood
disturbances, and violent behavior.
display a number of psychotic features,
including:

paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations,
and delusions (for example, the sensation of
insects crawling under the skin).
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/dru
gfacts/methamphetamine
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Inhalants-What are they?
 Chemical
vapors that are inhaled in order
to get high
 Come from a variety of products that are
found in the home and workplace
 More commonly abused by younger
adolescents because of
availability/access
 Categorized into 4 categories
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
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Inhalant Categories
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Volatile Solvents-liquids that vaporize at room temperature
 paint thinner, nail polish remover, degreaser, gasoline,
white out, markers
Aerosols-sprays that contain propellants and solvents
 Spray paint, hair spray, cooking spray
Gases-household or commercial products, or used as
medical anesthetics
 Whipped cream dispensers, butane lighters, propane
tanks, nitrous oxide, chloroform
Nitrites-used primarily as sexual enhancers
 amyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl nitrites
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
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Inhalants-Street Names
 "laughing
gas" (nitrous oxide)
 "snappers" (amyl nitrite)
 "poppers" (amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite)
 "whippets" (fluorinated hydrocarbons,
found in whipped cream dispensers)
 "bold" (nitrites)
 "rush" (nitrites)
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
24
Inhalants-How are they
abused?
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Vapors inhaled through nose or mouth by one of the
following ways:
 "Sniffing" or "snorting" fumes from containers
 Spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth
 Sniffing or inhaling fumes from substances sprayed or
placed into a plastic or paper bag ("bagging")
 "Huffing" from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the
mouth
 Inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide
The “high” lasts only a few minutes,
Inhalers try to make the high last longer by inhaling
repeatedly over several hours
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
25
Inhalants-Long Term effects
 Break
down myelin-nerve cells unable to
transmit messages as efficiently
 Brain damage-prevents cells from
absorbing oxygen
 Heart damage
 Liver failure
 Muscle weakness
 Irregular or rapid heart rhythms
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
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Inhalants-Lethal effects
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can cause irregular or rapid heart rhythms and
can lead to heart failure and death within
minutes.
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death from suffocation-inhalant vapor takes the
place of oxygen in the lungs and brain

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This "sudden sniffing death" is particularly
associated with the abuse of butane, propane,
and chemicals in aerosols.
inhaling from a paper or plastic bag or in a closed
area greatly increases the chances of suffocation.
can die by choking on their own vomit or by fatal
injury from accidents, including car crashes.
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inha
le1.php
27
Hallucinogens-What are they?
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
distort the way you perceive reality
Can make you see, hear, and feel things that
don’t exist
Examples:
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LSD-an odorless, colorless chemical that comes
from ergot, a fungus that grows on grains.
Mushrooms-chemical found in approximately
190 species of edible mushrooms.
Mescaline-occurs naturally in certain types of
cactus plants, including the peyote cactus.
PCP-synthetic drug in tablet, capsule, or powder
form
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/d
rugshallucinogens
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Hallucinogens-Street names
 LSD-Acid,
blotter, cubes, microdot, yellow
sunshine, blue heaven
 Mushrooms (Psilocybin)-Simple Simon,
shrooms, silly putty, sherms, musk, boomers
 Mescaline-Cactus, cactus buttons,
cactus joint, mesc, mescal, mese, mezc,
moon, musk, topi
 PCP-Angel dust, ozone, wack, rocket fuel
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/d
rugshallucinogens
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Hallucinogens-short term
effects
 can
cause rapid, intense emotional mood
swings
 twist and alter the way your brain
processes your senses, feelings and visual
information.
 When
unable to get a grip on reality, normal
events and situations can take on an unreal and
frightening quality.
 Anxiety,
fear, paranoia (sometimes
verging on psychosis
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/d
rugshallucinogens
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Hallucinogens-Long term
effects
 all
hallucinogens can cause flashbacks—
feelings and thoughts that replay the
effects of being on the drug weeks or
even years after taking them.
 risk of developing long-lasting psychoses
or mental disorders
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/d
rugshallucinogens
31
Club drugs-what are they?
 Includes
GHB, rohypnol, ketamine, LSD,
and ecstasy
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
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Club drugs-street names
 Ketamine:
special K, vitamin K, jet
 GHB-liquid ecstasy, Georgia Home Boy, G
 Rohypnol: roofies, forget me pill
 Ecstasy: X, XTC, love drug, hug
 LSD: acid, blotters, dots
www.drugabuse.gov
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GHB
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central nervous system depressant: usually ingested
in liquid, powder, tablet, and capsule forms.
Effects:
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May last up to 4 hours, depending on the dose used.
Slows breathing and heart rates to dangerous levels.
sedative and euphoric effects that begin up to 10-20
minutes from ingestion.
Use in connection with alcohol increases its potential for
harm.
Overdose can occur quickly-sometimes death occurs.
http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs
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MDMA-aka Ecstasy
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
amphetamine-based, hallucinogenic type drug
that is taken orally, usually in a tablet or capsule
form.
Effects:
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Lasts 3-6 hours.
Enables dancers to dance for long periods of time.
Increases the chances of dehydration, hyper
tension, heart or kidney failure, and increased
body temperature, which can lead to death.
Long-term effects include confusion, depression,
sleep problems, anxiety, paranoia, and loss of
memory.
http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs
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Ketamine

injectable anesthetic used primarily by
veterinarians


found either in liquid form or as a white powder
that can be snorted or smoked, sometimes with
marijuana.
Effects:

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Causes reactions similar to those of PCP, a
hallucinatory drug.
Results in impaired attention, learning, and
memory function. In larger doses, it may cause
delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function,
high blood pressure, and depression.
http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs
36
Rohypnol
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Tasteless and odorless sedative: easily soluble
in carbonated beverages, with toxic effects
that are aggravated by concurrent use of
alcohol.
Effects:

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Can cause anterograde amnesia, which
contributes to Rohypnol's popularity as a "date
rape" drug.
Can cause decreased blood pressure,
drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, and
confusion.
http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs
37
Bath Salts-what are they?
 substituted
cathinones-synthetic,
concentrated versions of the stimulant
chemical in Khat.
 Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV),
mephedrone and methylone are the
chemicals most often found in Bath Salts.
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
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Bath Salts-what does it look
like?


sold in powder form in small plastic or foil
packages of 200 and 500 milligrams under
various brand names.
Mephedrone is a fine white, off-white or
slightly yellow-colored powder.

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It can also be found in tablet and capsule form.
MDPV is a fine white or off-white powder.
K2 is typically sold in small, silvery plastic bags
of dried leaves and marketed as incense that
can be smoked.

It is said to resemble potpourri.
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
39
Bath Salts-”brand names”
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Bliss
Blue Silk
Cloud Nine
Drone
Energy-1
Ivory Wave
Lunar Wave
Stardust
White Dove
* Meow Meow
* Ocean Burst
* Pure Ivory
* Purple Wave
* Red Dove
* Snow Leopard
* Vanilla Sky
* White Knight
* White Lightning
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
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Bath salts-how are they used?
 usually
ingested by sniffing/snorting.
 can also be taken orally, smoked, or put
into a solution and injected into veins.
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
41
Bath Salts-short term effects
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very severe paranoia-can sometimes cause
users to harm themselves or others.
suicidal thoughts, agitation,
combative/violent behavior, confusion,
hallucinations/psychosis
increased heart rate, hypertension, chest
pain, death or serious injury
The speed of onset is 15 minutes, while the
length of the high from these drugs is 4-6
hours.
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
42
Bath Salts-long term effects
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None have been proven because the effects
differ from person to person
People claim to see demons/evil spirits or
other horrible visions and end up causing
physical harm to themselves or others
Examples: a person saw 25 police cars
outside of his house and used a butcher knife
to slit his own throat. Another left their 2-year
old daughter in the middle of a highway
because she “had demons”.
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bathsalts
43
Tobacco-what is it?
 Agricultural
crop
 Active ingredient is nicotine
 Classified as a stimulant
 Usually smoked
 Sometimes “dipped” or “chewed”nicotine is then absorbed through the
gums
http://www.drugfree.org/drugguide/tobacco
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Tobacco-street names
 Chew
 Dip
 Smoke
http://www.drugfree.org/drugguide/tobacco
45
Tobacco-short term effects
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body responds immediately to the chemical
nicotine in the smoke.
Nicotine causes a short-term increase in
blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of
blood from the heart.
causes the arteries to narrow.
Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of
oxygen the blood can carry.
creates an imbalance in the demand for
oxygen by the cells and the amount of
oxygen the blood is able to supply.
http://www.drugfree.org/drugguide/tobacco
46
Tobacco-Long term effects
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chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and
stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx,
esophagus, mouth, and bladder.
smoking is known to contribute to cancer of the
cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Researchers have
identified more than 40 chemicals in tobacco smoke
that cause cancer in humans and animals.
Smokeless tobacco and cigars can cause lung,
larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer.
Women who use tobacco during pregnancy are
more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including
babies with low birth weight, which is linked with an
increased risk of infant death and with a variety of
infant health disorders.
http://www.drugfree.org/drugguide/tobacco
47
Tobacco-something to think
about
 Effects
of tobacco use do not just effect
the user
 All people are effected by environmental
tobacco smoke

This is actually more dangerous because it is
not necessarily filtered
If you use tobacco products, please be
considerate of others around you.
http://www.drugfree.org/drugguide/tobacco
48
Alcohol-what is it?
 Classification:
depressant
 Active ingredient-Ethanol
 Proof-the amount of ethanol found in
alcohol.
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
49
Alcohol Short-term effects
 Slurred
speech
 Drowsiness
 Vomiting
 Distorted vision and hearing
 Impaired judgement
 Unconsciousness
 Coma
 Blackouts
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
50
Alcohol Long-term effects
 Unintentional
injuries (falls, burns, crashes)
 Intentional injuries (sexual assault, firearm
injuries, domestic violence)
 Alcohol poisoning
 Family/relationship problems
 Brain damage
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
51
Alcohol-Physical effects
 Cirrhosis
of the liver
 Cancer
 Strokes
 Stomach
ulcers
 High blood pressure
 Nerve problems
 Dementia
http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alc
ohol-addiction-facts/
52
Alcohol-mental effects
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Repeated


alcohol withdrawal can trigger:
Panic attacks
phobias
http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alc
ohol-addiction-facts/
53
Alcohol-addiction facts

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Alcoholism is a disease.
Most difficult and dangerous drug to quit

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Big problem among teens

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
1 out of 3 who try to quit w/o medical help die
from the withdrawal effects
20% labeled as “problem drinkers”
25% alcohol consumed is done so by underage
people
Children of alcohol addicts are 4X more likely
to suffer from alcohol addiction.
http://www.drugrehabfl.net/2011/07/23/alc
ohol-addiction-facts/
54
Alcohol-additional information
 The
amount of alcohol in someone’s
system is measured by their blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
 Legal limit for someone 21 and over-.08%
 Legal limit for someone under 21-.02%

While it is a Zero Tolerance Law, this takes
into consideration that some items contain
alcohol (mouth washes, cough medicines,
etc.)
http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugs
afety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw
55
What affects a person’s BAC
1.
2.
Gender-Female bodies contain a higher
fat to water ratio than males. With less
water to dilute the alcohol, the BAC will
be higher.
Weight-A larger person will have more
water in their body to dilute the alcohol
than a smaller person and therefore the
BAC will be lower.
56
What affects a person’s BAC?
3. Food Consumption-The presence of food in
the stomach slows the rate at which alcohol
leaves the stomach and enters the intestines.
This generally results in a lower BAC in the
short term, however alcohol will remain in the
bloodstream for a longer period.
4. Rate of Consumption (Time)-If liquor is
consumed at a rate faster than one standard
drink per hour, the BAC will rise as the body
can only process one standard drink per hour.
57
Alcohol-Street names
 Booze
 Liquid
 Sauce
 brew
http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientin
fo/alcoholabuse_streetnames.htm
58
Heroin-what is it?
 Highly
addictive
 Derived from morphine
 Classification: depressant or “downer”
 Affects the brain’s pleasure systems
 Interferes with brain’s ability to perceive
pain
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
59
Heroin-how is it used?
 Injected
into vein = “mainlining”
 Injected into muscle
 Smoked in a water pipe or standard pipe
 Mixed in a marijuana joint or regular
cigarette
 Inhaled as smoke through a straw =
“chasing the dragon”
 Snorted as a powder through the nose
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
60
Heroin-street names
 Big
H
 Black tar
 Brown sugar
 Dope
 Horse
 Junk
 Skag
 Smac
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
61
Heroin-short term effects
 Appear
soon after a single dose and
disappear after a few hours
 Initial feelings:Surge of euphoria (“rush”),
heavy extremities, and flush skin
 2nd stage: user goes “on the nod”
(alternately drowsy and wakeful state)
 Slurred speech, impaired night vision,
droopy eyelids
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
62
Heroin-Long term effects



Appear after repeated use for some period of
time.
Collapsed veins, infection of heart lining and
valves, abscesses, liver disease
Street heroin may contain additives that do
not dissolve and result in clogging the blood
vessels that lead to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or
brain

Can cause infection or death of patches of
cells in vital organs
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
63
Heroin-addiction facts

Tolerance develops with regular heroin use



More of the drug is needed to feel the desired
result
As higher doses are used, physical
dependence and addiction occur
With physical dependence-body has
become accustomed to having the drug in
the body and withdrawal symptoms occur if
the drug is reduced or stopped
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
64
Heroin-addiction facts cont’d

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
In regular abusers, withdrawal can occur a
few hours after taking the drug
Symptoms: drug craving, restlessness, muscle
and bone pain, diarrhea, vomiting, cold
flashes, and kicking movements
Major withdrawal symptoms occur 48-72 hours
after last dose and subside after a week
Sudden withdrawal by heavy users can be
fatal
http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/heroin
65
Heroin-mental effects
 Alters
perception of reality
 Suppresses emotions
 Person makes irrational decisions
 Causes depressions
 Lack of motivation
http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/her
oin.html
66
Heroin-physical effects
 Slow
heart beat
 Slow breathing rate
 Dry, sticky mouth
 Decrease in muscle tone and strength
 Sluggish movements
 Slurred speech
 Delayed reactions
 Lack of coordination
http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/her
oin.html
67
Quotes from heroin addicts





“Once you have tried Heroin, the cravings for
more can be so intense you feel out of control!”
“It’s like having 100% tunnel vision. You simply must
fulfill the urge and feed the cravings…”
“It’s like being a puppet on strings! The drug makes
you do things you never thought you’d do… like
stealing from the people you love and selling
everything you own!”
“It’s like being completely possessed by an evil
spirit! It turns you into a selfish, horrible monster!”
“It becomes the be all and end all of your life.
Nothing else matters but getting that shot of
heroin”.
http://www.drugbeat.org/Facts&Effects/her
oin.html