Transcript Slide 1

The Changing Landscape in
Substance Abuse:
Adolescent Abuse of
Rx & OTC Medicines
Spring 2006
Focus of Prevention
• 13-14
• 21%
average age of first use of illicit drugs
(among adolescents who have used)
of 8th graders report having tried an
illicit drug
Sources: 2005 Monitoring the Future Study
2004 NSDUH
Attitudes Drive Behavior
Preventing drug abuse means
building strong
anti-drug attitudes among kids.
Trends in Risk and Use of Marijuana
% 40
40
Risk
32
25
30
20
18
10
Use
6
12
0
'91
'92
'93
'94
'95
'96
'97
Source: Monitoring the Future Study;
8th Graders Use in Past Year
'98
'99
'00
'01
'02
'03
'04
'05
Ecstasy and Kids’ Attitudes
Perception
of Risk
Ever Tried
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
35%
35%
38%
46%
52%
56%
58%
60%
6%
8%
11%
12%
11%
8%
8%
5%
Partnership
Anti-Ecstasy Campaign
Source: Monitoring the Future Study;
12th Graders ever tried
Cocaine Risk and Usage Trends Among 12th Graders
%
57
60
51
Risk
50
40
34
30
20
10
Use
13
5
3
Source: 2004 Monitoring the Future Study;
Use in Past Year
'0
5
'0
3
'0
1
'9
9
'9
7
'9
5
'9
3
'9
1
'8
9
'8
7
'8
5
0
Partnership for a Drug-Free America®
Trends in Substance Abuse
Among 8th Graders
%
30
vs. ‘96
26
25
Alcohol
21
20
17 -35%
14
10
6
Cigarettes
15
9
-57%
8
-47%
Illicit Drugs
0
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05
Source: Monitoring the Future Study; Past Month Use
Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan
Recent Troubling Trends
• Methamphetamine
(regional)
• Inhalants
(inhaled fumes)
• Prescription drugs
(pain relievers, tranquilizers,
stimulants, sedatives)
• OTC drugs
(antitussives, CNS stimulants,
antihistamines)
Sources: Monitoring the Future Study
NIDA - CEWG
Significant Non-medical
Use of Pain Relievers
31 million
Any pain reliever
19 million
Darvocet, Darvan
and Tylenol with Codeine
Vicodine, Lortab,
Lorcet
Percocet, Percodan
and Tylox
16 million
11 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Significant Non-medical
Use of Pain Relievers
Hydrocodone
Demerol
OxyContin
Morphine
Ultram, Dilaudid
6 million
3 million
3 million
2 million
2 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Significant Non-medical Use
of Other Prescription Medications
21 million
Stimulants
20 million
Tranquilizers
Sedatives
10 million
Source: 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Substances Most Frequently
Mentioned to Poison Control Centers
Ranking
1
Substance
Analgesics
# (000)
260
%
11%
4
Sedatives/Hypnotics
115
5%
6
Cough/cold
preparations
100
4%
70
3%
12
Antihistamines
Source: 2003 TESS Annual Report
Treatment Admissions and Emergency
Department Mentions for Narcotic Painkillers
110,000
Emergency
Department
Mentions
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
Treatment
Admissions
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
1995
1996
1997
1998
Source: DAWN Report; TEDS Report
1999
2000
2001
2002
Lifetime Trial 2005
Teens
37%
20%
19%
18%
10%
Marijuana
10%
10%
8%
8%
RX Medicines RX stimulants
Crack/
Meth
Cocaine
Inhalants
RX pain
Ecstasy
Cough
relievers
Medicine
Source: 2005 Partnership Attitude
Tracking Study
6%
LSD
4%
5%
Ketamine
4%
GHB
Heroin
Pharming
Kids “getting high” using Rx or OTC drugs
Vicodin
Creatine
Andro
GHB
Changing Methods of Distribution
Hand commerce
E commerce
Teen Attitudes
Driving Medicine Abuse
•
Abuse of Rx and OTC medicines
is safer than street drugs
•
Easily accessible via medicine
cabinets and internet
Medicine Abuse is Becoming
“Normalized” in Teen Culture
1 in 4 teens report having a close
friend who abuses Rx/OTC
medicines to get high
1 in 3 teens report being offered
Rx/OTC medicines to get high
Sources: 2005 PATS Teens
Our collective role in
this emerging problem…
Reach out to and empower parents,
and provide the information and
resources they need.
“Partnering With Families”
1.
2.
3.
TM
Educate yourself about medications
kids are abusing
Communicate with your kids about
the risks
Safeguard your own medications
(and ask your friends to do the same)
Parental Involvement
is Key to Drug Prevention
Kids who learn a lot about
the risk of drugs from their parents
are up to half as likely to use.
Source: Partnership Attitude Tracking Study
Need to Increase
Parental Involvement
Only 32% of teens
“learn a lot about the risk of drugs”
from their parents.
Source: 2004 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study
Underestimate Vulnerability
Parents
My teen has friends
who use ecstasy
9%
Teens
I have friends
who use ecstasy
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
28%
Underestimate Peer Influence
Parents
My teen has been
offered drugs
36%
Teens
I have been
offered drugs
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
49%
Overestimate Risk Perception
Parents
My teen sees
great risk in using
methamphetamine
72%
Teens
I see great risk in
using
methamphetamine
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
49%
Underestimate Use
(“Not My Kid”)
Parents
My teen has
tried ecstasy
1%
Teens
I have tried
ecstasy
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
9%
Underestimate Use
(“Not My Kid”)
Parents
My teen has
tried inhalants
3%
Teens
I have tried
inhalants
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
18%
Underestimate Use
(“Not My Kid”)
Parents
My teen has
tried marijuana
18%
Teens
I have
tried marijuana
Source: 2004 PATS Parents
39%
Preventing Rx &
OTC Medicine Abuse
•
Reinforce attitudes toward medically
appropriate use
• Strengthen risk attitudes toward
intentional abuse to get high
Medicine Abuse: Challenges
• Use seen as “safer” than street drugs by
both teens and parents
• Ease of access through parents’ medicine
cabinet, friends and the Internet
• Attitudes among vulnerable teens indicate
the potential for abuse rates to double
Qualitative Research Learning
Among Parents
• Parents have only vague, “intellectual” awareness of Rx
and OTC medicine abuse among teens.
• Parents do not understand intentional abuse to get high
by teens of Rx and OTC medicines.
- “I teach my children to take the proper dose” (misuse vs. abuse)
• Parents do not understand intentional abuse of medicines to
get high in terms of risks to their children.
• The only successful communications concepts with parents
used the reference of “street drugs” to get high.
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