Transcript Document

PDHPE HSC
Enrichment Day
2010
Improving Performance
Concept Map of Focus
Questions
What are the Planning
Considerations for Improving
Performance?
How do Athletes Train for Improved
Performance?
•Anaerobic training (power and speed)
•Flexibility training
oInitial planning considerations
oPlanning to avoid overtraining
Application to Athlete
Eamon Sullivan
(Short Distance Swimmer)
What Ethical Issues are Related to
Improviing Performance?
oUse Of Drugs
oUse Of Technology
Profile of Case Study Athlete:
Short Distance Swimmer
Eamon Sullivan
•
Main events:
50m freestyle,
100m freestyle,
4 x 100m medley
•
Training: Power and speed
training (including resistance),
flexibility, skills
•
Personal best:
50m freestyle - 21.28sec (WR);
100m freestyle - 47.05sec (WR)
Anaerobic Training
1. Resistance Training
• Beneficial for all athletes.
• Resistance for power and speed training
should be 30-70% of 1 RM
• 2-3 sets with 6-8 repetitions performed at a
high speed
• Examples for a speed swimmer = leg press,
hamstring curls, calf raises, chest press,
lateral pull-down, cable tricep pull-down,
bicep curls
2. Short Interval
• Alternating short bursts of intense activity
with periods of rest or recovery to allow
ATP stores to restore.
3. Plyometrics
• Lengthening of a muscle performing an
eccentric contraction followed quickly by
its shortening through a concentric
contraction
• Speed swimming demands an explosive
start, powerful push-offs from the wall
during turns, and sprint finishes
Flexibility Training
1.
Static stretching – stretching a
muscle to a certain point for 15-30
seconds
2.
Dynamic stretching – uses
momentum and active muscular
effort to bring about a stretch.
3.
Ballistic stretching – involves the
use of motion or bouncing to
enhance the stretch
4.
PNF stretching - static stretch
followed by an isometric
contraction (in opposite direction
while in the stretched position)
followed by a repeat of the
original static stretch
Initial Planning Considerations
1.
Performance and Fitness Needs
Individual Planning
Considerations
Physical fitness level
Skill level
Fitness and skill level needed to
succeed
Arousal level
Motivation level
Short and long term goals
Recovery days
2.
3.
Team Planning Considerations
Team goals
Each swimmer’s strongest event
Each swimmer’s
strengths/weaknesses
Training days and venues
Recovery days
Schedule of Events/Competitions
Yearly training plans for swimmers should be based around all
the competition events throughout the year. Coaches need to
ensure athletes peak at the right time.
Climate and Season
For indoor events, such as swimming, it is necessary to ensure
adequate ventilation on hot, humid days.
Planning to Avoid Overtraining
• Overtraining = a chronic
psychological and
physiological condition
caused by an amount of
training that is too
demanding for an athlete to
manage. It leads to
‘burnout’.
• Better attention to amount
and intensity of training when
planning training programs
for athletes is essential.
Overtraining Issues
• How much training is
too much?
• What are the signs of
overtraining in
athletes?
• What strategies can
be taken to reduce
overtraining in
athletes?
Physiological Signs
and Symptoms
• Lethargy
• Injury
• Loss of strength,
coordination,
aerobic capacity
• Loss of weight
• Constant muscle
soreness
• Early onset of
fatigue when
training and
competing
Psychological
Considerations
and Symptoms
• Loss of
motivation
• Reduced
commitment
• Sleep
disturbances
• Depression
• Irritability
• Emotionally
sensitive
Use of Drugs in Sport
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Drugs can be used to:
Enhance strength (human growth hormone;
anabolic steroids)
Enhance aerobic performance (EPO)
Mask other drugs (diuretics; alcohol)
Dangers of drug use in sport include:
Physical effects such as cancer, hypertension,
kidney and liver tumors, reduced fertility, mood
swings, aggression and depression
Loss of reputation
Loss of income resulting from loss of sponsorships
Why may some elite athletes risk taking
performance enhancing drugs, despite such
dangers?
There is a long history of
drug use in sport
Drug Testing
What are the pros and cons of drug testing?
Use of Technology – Training
Innovation
• Training innovation: an
aid that assists training
and competition
performance
• Lactate threshold
devices – used to
determine the point at
which blood lactate
starts to accumulate
rapidly
• Biomechanical
analysis – used to
explore movements
in detail so as to
monitor and improve
an athlete’s
technique. Measures
include video
analysis, slow motion
replays, and
photography.
Use of Technology
Equipment Advances
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLBscMz3O5Y
Australian Fanny
Durack wears a long
woollen swimsuit with a skirt
in 1912, when women were
first allowed to swim in the
Olympic Games.
The high technology Speedo LZR
Racer swimsuits athletes wore at the
Beijing Olympics in 2008
TECHNOLOGY USE IN SPORT
ETHICAL ISSUES
• Has technology gone too far?
• Has access to technology created
unfair competition?
.