Transcript Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Medication Preparations and Supplies Oral Tablet Disc of compressed drug; may be coated to enhance easy swallowing. May be scored Enteric-coated tablet Tablet with special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices Timed-release (SustainedRelease) Capsule containing drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before coatings dissolve Lozenge Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for a local (often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth Suspension Liquid form of medication that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle Emulsion Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and fats in water Elixir, fluid extract Liquid drug forms with alcohol base Syrup Sweetened, flavored liquid drug form Solution Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally evenly dissolved Rectal Suppository Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature Enema solutuion Drug suspended in solution to be administered as an enema Injectable Solution Drugs suspended in a sterile vehicle Powder Dry particles of drugs to be mixed with a sterile diluting solution Intravenous Injected directly into a vein (immediate absorption) Intramuscular Injected into a muscle positioning the needle at a 90-degree angle subcutaneous Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the skin by positioning the needle at a 45-degree angle intradermal Injected just beneath the skin, by positioning the needle bevel up and the syringe at a 15degree angle epidural Injected into a catheter that has been placed by an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of the spinal canal. intracardiac Injected directly into the heart intraspinal Injected into the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord. Intracapsular (intra-articular) Injected into the capsule of a joint, usually to reduce inflammation as in bursitis Topical Cream or ointment Semisolid preparation containing a drug lotion A liquid preparation applied externally for treatment of skin disorders liniment Preparation for external use that is rubbed on the skin as a counterirritant Dermal patch Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote a consistent blood level between application times Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt) Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops Eye ointment Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic in nature, for ophthalmic use only Vaginal Creams Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or antifungal nature that are inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature, for local effect Douche solution Sterile solution, often as an antiseptic such as povidone iodine solution and sterile water, used to irrigate the vaginal canal. Buccal tablet Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa in the mouth Sublingual tablet Tablet that is absorbed via the mucosa under the tongue Inhalable Spray or Mist Liquid drug forms that may be inhaled as fine droplets via the use of spray bottles, nebulizers, or metered dose inhalers. Gas Anesthetics, such as nitrous oxide, that are introduced via the respiratory route for general anesthesia