Transcript Slide 1
Rural Crime & Justice Center A University Center of Excellence Minot, North Dakota Historical Overview • 1887 Amphetamine was first synthesized in Germany. • 1919 Methamphetamine, a derivative of amphetamine, was synthesized in Japan. It was discovered to be more potent and easier to make than amphetamine. Narconon Arrowhead www.methamphetamineaddiction.com Historical Overview • Late 1920’s Amphetamine was used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, alcoholism, opiate addiction, migraines, head injuries, and irradiation sickness. • 1932 Amphetamine was first marketed as Benzedrine, an over-the-counter inhaler to treat congestion. Recreational Drugs Info www.inforules.com/models/m-net.pdf Historical Overview • 1935 Narcolepsy was added to the list of accepted uses. • 1937 Amphetamine was found to have a positive effect on some children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Recreational Drugs Info www.inforules.com/models/m-net.pdf Historical Overview • 1937 Amphetamine became available in a tablet form by prescription. • 1939 – 1945 (World War II) An estimated 200 million tablets were distributed to American troops. Longest recorded period of wakefulness was 54 days! Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com Historical Overview • 1951 Amphetamine became regulated and was available only by a prescription, however, the accepted uses increased. • 1967 A record 31 million prescriptions were written for amphetamine. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com Historical Overview • 1970 The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 placed all drugs into one of five schedules. Restricted the manufacture, distribution and use of amphetamines. Limited the medically-accepted uses to narcolepsy, attention deficit disorders, and short-term obesity. Can only be received by a written prescription that can not be refilled. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com Historical Overview • 1970’s to 1990’s Amphetamine abuse began to decline; however, methamphetamine abuse dramatically increased. • 1996 Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act increased regulation on chemicals used in illegal production. Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com Historical Overview • 2002 to 2003 The incidence of positive drug tests attributed to methamphetamine increased by more than 68%. • 2005 Approximately 12 million Americans have tried methamphetamine at least once, with 1.4 million reporting use in the past year. Drug Trusting Index Quest Diagnostics Inc. Any Questions?