Preventing Elective Deliveries Before 39 Weeks
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Transcript Preventing Elective Deliveries Before 39 Weeks
Preventing Elective
Deliveries Before 39 Weeks
John R. Allbert
Charlotte, NC
Elective Delivery
Adverse outcomes are increased if delivery
occurs before 39 weeks
There is a nearly 5 fold and 4 fold increased risk
of respiratory morbidity in 37 and 38 week
deliveries respectively compared to 39 week
elective deliveries (NEMJ Jan 8 2009;360:111)
For every 100 deliveries the cost savings for
delaying delivery until 39 weeks is $160,000
and $50,000 compared to delivering at 37 and
38 weeks respectively
Induction of Labor
Confirming Gestational Age
Ultrasound measurement at less than 20
weeks of gestation supports GA of 39 wks
or greater
Fetal heart tones with doppler
ultrasonography documented for 30 wks
It has been 36 wks since a positive serum
or urine hCG pregnancy test
ACOG Practice Bulletin 107, August 2009
Indications for Induction of Labor
Abruptio placentae
Chorioamnionitis
Gestational HTN
Preeclampsia
Maternal medical condition, (DM,cHTN)
Fetal compromise, (isoimmunization,
IUGR, oligohydramnios)
ACOG Practice Bulletin 107, August 2009
IUGR
SGA is EFW <10%
IUGR is failure of the fetus to achieve its
growth potential
Induction of labor for of IUGR prior to 39
weeks should some how confirm placental
dysfunction
IUGR
Placental Dysfunction
Oligohydramnios
Abnormal doppler of the umbilical artery
(>95%)
Documented poor fetal growth over a 3
week interval, particularly the abdominal
circumference
Nonreassuring NST, CST, BPP
Hypertension
Less Morbidity With Induction
Induction of labor vs expectant
management for gestational hypertention
Inducing labor at term if DBP >95 mmHg
in hypertension and >90 mmHg in
preeclampsia vs observation
Lower need for IV antihypertensives and
anticonvulsants in the induction group
Lower C/S rate in primagravidas with
induction
Koopmans CM, Lancet 2009;374:979
Oligohydramnios
Estimated with ultrasonography
AFI < 5 cm
Deepest vertical pocket < 2 cm
Ideal measurement for intervention has
not been established
Delivery should be considered if
gestational age is at least 37 weeks but
may be individualized
ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 9,
Antepartum Fetal Surveillance
Induction
What is the commitment
If the cervix is unfavorable, reevaluate the
clinical criteria
If you start the induction, you are not
always obligated to have that patient
delivered
If the induction is not succeeding,
consider discharging the patient and
restart the induction in 2-4 days
Category A
Eclampsia
HELLP
syndrome
PPROM
Placenta previa
with active
bleeding
Acute placental
abruption
Fetal demise
Chorioamnioniti
s
Category B
IUGR
Oligohydramnios
HIV (at 38 weeks)
Isoimmunization
Fetal hydrops
Multiple gestation
Cholestasis of
pregnancy
Third trimester
bleeding
Placenta previa
without current
bleeding
Decreased fetal
movement
Chronic placental
abruption
(symptom-free >7
days)
Venous
thromboembolism
Fetal anomaly
Nonreactive NST
BPP<4
Category C
Preeclampsia
Pregnancyinduced
hypertension
Chronic
hypertension
Category D
Poorly
controlled
diabetes
Maternal drug
use
Prior classical
c-section
Long distance
from hospital
Previous
myomectomy
Prior
precipitous
labor
History of prior
stillbirth
Nonvertex
presentation
Category F
Category E
Well-controlled
diabetes
Genital herpes
infection (active
or prodromal)
Lupus
SGA with no
evidence of
placental
insufficiency
Coagulation
defects
Proteinuric renal
disease
(isolated)
Advanced
cervical dilation
Polyhydramnios
Unstable lie s/p
version
Macrosomia
Elective
Repeat
LTCS
No
indication
given
Category G
Other
(written in
on the
data
collection
form)
Other Indications
Cholestasis
Lupus
Diabetes
Previous Classical C/S
Prior C/S
Previa
Maternal drug use
HIV