Transcript OVERVIEW BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA

OVERVIEW
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN
INDONESIA
T.Basuki, L.B.S. Kardono & M. Hanafi
Research Center for Chemistry
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Biotechnology, in wider sense, in Indonesia can be said having
meaning both of old biotechnology (such as tempe-fermented
soybean, tape-fermented cassava/glutinous rice) and new
biotechnology (such as protein structure, third generation
biotechnology)
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Biotechnology consists of Traditional and Modern
Biotech: Medical, Agro, Environmental, Chemical, and
Food Biotechnology
Third Generation Biotech= Functional Genomics and
Proteomics
Targeted Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Stem cells,
should be the Focus for Asia
BINASIA should become the Information Hub for Biotech
Asia
Governments must stimulate Innovation in R&D through
various Incentives
The
Central
Dogma
of
Molecular
Biology
The Scientific Development of Biotechnology
and Its Industrial Applications
Targeted medicine, Tissue engineering
and Stem cells
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Because people have a different genetic make up, the
effect of drugs will also differ. This new branch of
medicine is now called pharmacogenetics, which study
the effect of drugs on genetically different populations. It
is now known that treatment of hypertension, cancers,
and other diseases will result in a negative response in
certain groups of patients, resulting in waste of money as
well as exposing unnecessary adverse reactions to
patients.
TARGETED THERAPY
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Targeted therapy addresses the needs of specific patient
populations. Patients want to know whether they are
likely to benefit from a drug, while minimizing their risk of
negative side effects.
Targeted medicine may improve drug efficacy by better
understanding the genetic associations to disease.
Identifying patients most likely respond to a specific drug
will improve patient compliance with a therapy. This is
especially true in patients with oncology therapy, where
the side effect are severe. Herceptin, a drug for breast
cancer patients is the prototype drug.
TISSUE ENGINEERING
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Tissue engineering, is also a new field and hold
many promises and potentials for future therapy.
From the internet, the topic of “tissue
engineering” generates a response of 593,000
hits. So, enough literature to search and read.
STEM CELLS
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Stem cell or Regenerative Medicine is very much related
with tissue engineering. It is basically a new science which
is developed from embryology and cloning research.
When an oocyte is fertilized by sperm to become a zygote,
at the blastocyst stage, an inner mass is formed, which is
pluripotent, meaning that these cells can differentiate into
all 210 tissue in the body.
Presently, much research is done to direct the development
of these embryonic stem cells, to cardiomyocytes,
dopaminergic nerve cells, beta-cells of Langerhans, and
neurons.
In mice, good results have been achieved to replace
infarcted tissue by new cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells,
neurons and other tissues.
The Future of Regenerative
Medicine/Stem Cells
Nucleus of patient
transferred to enucleated
human oocyte.
Inner cell mass from
blastocyst cultured and
stimulated to form specific
cell types required for
THERAPY----Diabetes,
Parkinson, Cancer,
Stroke etc,
The Chemoattractive
homing
hypothesis of
circulating
STEM CELLS,
attracted to
injury, in the
infarcted area
Biotechnology: Present and Future
Development of Biotechnology
in Indonesia is started in the mid 1980’s
Under the coordination of
• Ministry of Education
• Ministry of Research and Technology
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Ministry of Health
INDONESIA BIOTECHNOLOGY
CONSORTIUM (Konsorsium Bioteknologi
Indonesia)
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Established on October 14, 1994
34 Institutions: 11 (RC); 10 (University), 3
(BPPT), 5 Industries, 2 Hospitals
Founding members: 3 IUC Biotechnology
(ITB, IPB, UGM)
Members :
RC from Universities (Public and Private)
RC from Department and non-Department
Institutions from private sectors/industries
MEMBERS OF KBI (1)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS
Universities (Public - Private)
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Universitas Diponegoro
Universitas Indonesia
Universitas Soedirman
Universitas Brawijaya
Universitas Udayana
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Inst Teknologi Indonesia
Univ Muhamadiyah
Malang
Universitas Lampung
Universitas Surabaya
Universitas Negeri
Malang
MEMBERS OF KBI (2)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER
ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Mininistry of Research and Technology
 Center for the assessment biotech (BPPT)
 Center for the assessment and application bioindustry
technology (BPPT)
 Starch Technology Center (BPPT)
LIPI
 Research Center for Biotechnology
 Research Center for Chemistry
Department of Agriculture
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Research Center of Agriculture & Genetics Resources
 Research Center for Horticuluture
 Biotech Research Unit for Crops Estate
MEMBERS OF KBI (3)
INSTITUTIONS FROM PRIVATE SECTORS/
INDUSTRIES
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PT. ESA MEDIKA MANDIRI
PT SENTRA BIOSAINS DINAMIKA
PT MONAGRO KIMIA
PT FAJAR MAS MURNI
PT EAST WEST SEED INDONESIA
HOSPITALS :
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Rajawali Hospital
Tegalrejo Hospital
ROLE OF INDONESIA
BIOTECHNOLOGY CONSORTIUM
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GOVERNMENT: POLICY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
SECTOR
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MEMBERS:
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SHARING INFORMATION AND RESOURCES
JOINT ACTIVITIES
INDONESIA BIOTECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE
Strategic Plan of
the Development of Biotechnology in
Indonesia
KBI involves in preparing a concept of
Strategic Plan of the Development of
Biotechnology in Indonesia (“SPDBI”),
from 2002-2004.
This effort was under the coordination of the
Ministry of Research and Technology
Biotechnology applications in three
main fields have been elaborated in
“SPDBI”:
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Medicine and human health;
Agriculture, food production, and fisheries;
Industries, environment protection and
remediation
Biotechnology Research Priorities in
the field Medicine and human health
Genetics disorders,
 Infectious diseases,
 Degenerative and malignancy diseases
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Biotechnology Research Priorities in
the field Agriculture, and marine
Isolation and identification of abiotic
stress resistance gene(s) markers
 Field tests for efficacy and food safety,
 Development of diagnostic kit for
marine pollutant and pathogens
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Biotechnology Research Priorities in
the field of industries, environments
protection and remediation
Development of recombinant vaccine
production
 Development of novel antibiotics from
local microbes
 Environment protection and
bioremediation
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The critical success factors for the
development of biotechnology:
Infrastructure development,
 Regulatory/cultural environment,
 Policy development,
 Human resource development,
 Finance and resource mobilization
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Socio-cultural and esthetical
Religious and ethical norm
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY
IN INDONESIA
Biotechnology application in food
production in Indonesia
 Tissue
culture
 Marker
aided selection
 Transgenesis
 Genomics
– ‘functional genomics’ –
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Tissue culture
Plant tissue culture and micropropagation techniques
are well established in several laboratories
Commercial production : banana, oil palm, orchid,
teak and fast growing trees
Transgenic Indonesian aromatic rice resistant to yellow
stem borer insect – approved for limited field trial – LIPI
(Indonesian
Institute of Sciences)
λHindIII
cry1Ab
cry1Ab
transgenic
Non transgenic
Other transgenic plants develop in Indonesia i.e.:
Functional Genomics
sequence
Data mining
Genome sequence
Functional analysis of unknown ORFs
transcriptomics
DNA Microarray
proteomics
Functional genomics
Transcriptome
Proteome
•Global gene regulation
•Differential gene expression
•Protein level
•Protein interactions
•Structure/function
Bioinformatics
•Statistics
•Linking database
•Pattern recognition
•Whole cell simulations
Applications
Metabolome
Metabolome
•Kinetic parameter
•Modeling metabolic pw
Recommendations
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Considering the limited financial and human resources
Indonesia, therefore, focus of the focus of all
Biotechnology field must be taken
The Government must STIMULATE INNOVATION by
giving TAX INCENTIVES to industries doing R&D
Efforts must be made to Facilitate GovernmentUniversity-Industry cooperation
Applied Research in Universities and Government
institutions should be done in close cooperation with
industries
BINASIA should become the communication hub for
International Cooperation and Technology Transfer
Recommendations (cont. ……………..)
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In order to understand better on BINASIA,
IBC –particularly IBC member’s institutionsare encouraged to open the website
http://www.binasia.net/home.asp and to fill
their specific activities accordingly.
IBC periodical meeting should cover report on
the progress of IBC member institutions to
engage with the respective institution(s) from
other BINASIA member countries.